वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-8, verse-6

अब्रवीच्च सुसंक्रुद्धो दुर्मुखो नाम राक्षसः ।
इदं न क्षमणीयं हि सर्वेषां नः प्रधर्षणम् ॥६॥

6. abravīcca susaṃkruddho durmukho nāma rākṣasaḥ ,
idaṃ na kṣamaṇīyaṃ hi sarveṣāṃ naḥ pradharṣaṇam.

6. abravīt ca susaṃkruddhaḥ durmukhaḥ nāma rākṣasaḥ
idam na kṣamaṇīyam hi sarveṣām naḥ pradharṣaṇam

6. susaṃkruddhaḥ durmukhaḥ nāma rākṣasaḥ ca abravīt
idam sarveṣām naḥ pradharṣaṇam hi na kṣamaṇīyam

6. And a demon named Durmukha, greatly enraged, spoke: 'This affront to all of us is indeed not to be tolerated.'

Words meanings summery:

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुसंक्रुद्धः (susaṁkruddhaḥ) - very enraged, exceedingly angry

• दुर्मुखः (durmukhaḥ) - The name of a specific demon. (Durmukha (a proper name))

• नाम (nāma) - indicating a name, "named" (by name, named, indeed, verily)

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon, rakshasa

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the "pradharṣaṇam" (affront). (this, this one)

• न (na) - not, no

• क्षमणीयम् (kṣamaṇīyam) - not to be tolerated (tolerable, forgivable, to be forgiven, to be endured)

• हि (hi) - "indeed" or "surely" emphasizing the statement. (indeed, surely, because, for)

• सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

• नः (naḥ) - "to us", referring to the demons. (us, to us, our)

• प्रधर्षणम् (pradharṣaṇam) - insult, affront, molestation, violation

Words meanings and morphology

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active

Third person singular, imperfect active, root √brū

Root: brū (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सुसंक्रुद्धः (susaṁkruddhaḥ) - very enraged, exceedingly angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of susaṃkruddha

susaṁkruddha - greatly enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from 'su-' (very) and 'saṃkruddha' (enraged). 'Saṃkruddha' is a past passive participle from √krudh 'to be angry' with prefix sam-.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+saṃkruddha)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  prefix
• saṃkruddha – enraged, angry
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √krudh (to be angry) with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Adjective agreeing with rākṣasaḥ.

दुर्मुखः (durmukhaḥ) - The name of a specific demon. (Durmukha (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmukha

durmukha - "bad-faced", "foul-mouthed", name of a demon

नाम (nāma) - indicating a name, "named" (by name, named, indeed, verily)

(indeclinable)

Can also be the neuter noun nāman in nominative/accusative singular. Here used as an indeclinable particle.

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - demon, rakshasa

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, a monster, belonging to rakshasas

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb abravīt.

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the "pradharṣaṇam" (affront). (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Pronominal stem idaṃ/idam.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is' (asti).

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

क्षमणीयम् (kṣamaṇīyam) - not to be tolerated (tolerable, forgivable, to be forgiven, to be endured)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣamaṇīya

kṣamaṇīya - to be tolerated, to be forgiven, pardonable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

Formed from √kṣam (to be patient, to forgive) with suffix -aṇīya.

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective.

हि (hi) - "indeed" or "surely" emphasizing the statement. (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic or causal particle.

सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - of all

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Universal pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'naḥ'.

नः (naḥ) - "to us", referring to the demons. (us, to us, our)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic form of asmad, dual/plural.

Note: In relation to 'pradharṣaṇam', it functions as "an affront to us".

प्रधर्षणम् (pradharṣaṇam) - insult, affront, molestation, violation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pradharṣaṇa

pradharṣaṇa - affront, insult, violation, molestation

Action noun from √dhṛṣ (to be bold, daring) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Predicate nominative alongside 'kṣamaṇīyam' for 'idam'.