वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-59, verse-12

ततः कुमारस्तान् वृद्धाञ्जाम्बवत्प्रमुखान् कपीन् ।
अनुमान्य ददौ तेषां निसर्गं मधुभक्षणे ॥१२॥

12. tataḥ kumārastān vṛddhāñjāmbavatpramukhān kapīn ,
anumānya dadau teṣāṃ nisargaṃ madhubhakṣaṇe.

12. tataḥ kumāraḥ tān vṛddhān jāmbavatpramukhān
kapīn anumānya dadau teṣām nisargam madhubhakṣaṇe

12. tataḥ kumāraḥ jāmbavatpramukhān tān vṛddhān
kapīn anumānya teṣām madhubhakṣaṇe nisargam dadau

12. Then, the prince, having respectfully acknowledged those elder monkeys headed by Jambavat, granted them permission to consume honey.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, afterwards

• कुमारः (kumāraḥ) - the prince (Angada) (a prince, a young man, a boy)

• तान् (tān) - those (masculine accusative plural)

• वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - old, aged; elders

• जाम्बवत्प्रमुखान् (jāmbavatpramukhān) - headed by Jambavat, having Jambavat as chief

• कपीन् (kapīn) - monkeys, vanaras

• अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having honored, having respected, having gained assent from, having propitiated

• ददौ (dadau) - gave, granted

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - to them, of them

• निसर्गम् (nisargam) - permission, leave (permission, leave, nature, disposition)

• मधुभक्षणे (madhubhakṣaṇe) - in honey-eating, for consuming honey

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, afterwards

(indeclinable)

कुमारः (kumāraḥ) - the prince (Angada) (a prince, a young man, a boy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumāra

kumāra - a prince, a boy, a young man

तान् (tān) - those (masculine accusative plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - old, aged; elders

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown; an elder

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vṛdh (to grow) + kta suffix.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Modifies kapīn.

जाम्बवत्प्रमुखान् (jāmbavatpramukhān) - headed by Jambavat, having Jambavat as chief

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jāmbavatpramukha

jāmbavatpramukha - headed by Jambavat, with Jambavat as leader

Compound type : bahuvrihi (jāmbavat+pramukha)

• jāmbavat – Jambavat (proper noun, name of a bear-king in Ramayana)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pramukha – chief, principal, foremost, headed by
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Modifies kapīn.

कपीन् (kapīn) - monkeys, vanaras

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Note: Object of anumānya and dadau (implicitly, as they are the recipients of the permission).

अनुमान्य (anumānya) - having honored, having respected, having gained assent from, having propitiated

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from anu- + √man (to think, believe) + ṇya (causative) + ya (absolutive suffix).

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

ददौ (dadau) - gave, granted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: From √dā (to give), perfect tense 3rd singular.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - to them, of them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Possessive or dative sense (to them).

निसर्गम् (nisargam) - permission, leave (permission, leave, nature, disposition)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nisarga

nisarga - permission, leave, creation, nature, disposition

Prefixes: ni+sarg

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Direct object of dadau.

मधुभक्षणे (madhubhakṣaṇe) - in honey-eating, for consuming honey

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhubhakṣaṇa

madhubhakṣaṇa - honey-eating, consumption of honey

Compound type : tatpurusha (madhu+bhakṣaṇa)

• madhu – honey, sweet
  noun (neuter)
• bhakṣaṇa – eating, consuming
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun
  Derived from root √bhakṣ (to eat) + Lyuṭ suffix.
  Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Indicates the context or purpose of the permission.

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