वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-59, verse-18

ततो वनं तत् परिभक्ष्यमाणं द्रुमांश्च विध्वंसितपत्रपुष्पान् ।
समीक्ष्य कोपाद्दधिवक्त्रनामा निवारयामास कपिः कपींस्तान् ॥१८॥

18. tato vanaṃ tat paribhakṣyamāṇaṃ drumāṃśca vidhvaṃsitapatrapuṣpān ,
samīkṣya kopāddadhivaktranāmā nivārayāmāsa kapiḥ kapīṃstān.

18. tataḥ vanam tat paribhakṣyamāṇam
drumān ca vidhvaṃsitapatrapuṣpān
samīkṣya kopāt dadhivaktranāmā
nivārayāmāsa kapiḥ kapīn tān

18. tataḥ dadhivaktranāmā kapiḥ vanam
tat paribhakṣyamāṇam ca drumān
vidhvaṃsitapatrapuṣpān samīkṣya
kopāt tān kapīn nivārayāmāsa

18. Then, observing that forest being entirely ravaged and the trees stripped of their leaves and flowers, the monkey named Dadhimukha, filled with anger, stopped those other monkeys.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, thereupon

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, grove

• तत् (tat) - that

• परिभक्ष्यमाणम् (paribhakṣyamāṇam) - being completely devoured/consumed

• द्रुमान् (drumān) - trees (accusative plural)

• च (ca) - and, also

• विध्वंसितपत्रपुष्पान् (vidhvaṁsitapatrapuṣpān) - having shattered leaves and flowers

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having observed, having seen

• कोपात् (kopāt) - from anger, out of anger

• दधिवक्त्रनामा (dadhivaktranāmā) - The name of the monkey who is the guardian of the Madhuvanam. (named Dadhimukha (literally, "curd-faced" or "milk-faced"))

• निवारयामास (nivārayāmāsa) - he restrained, he prevented

• कपिः (kapiḥ) - monkey

• कपीन् (kapīn) - the other monkeys (monkeys (accusative plural))

• तान् (tān) - those (accusative plural)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base `tad`.

वनम् (vanam) - forest, grove

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Root: van (class 10)

Note: Object modified by `paribhakṣyamāṇam`.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Agrees with `vanam`.

परिभक्ष्यमाणम् (paribhakṣyamāṇam) - being completely devoured/consumed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paribhakṣyamāṇa

paribhakṣyamāṇa - being devoured, being consumed

Present Passive Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root √bhakṣ (to eat) with upasarga pari-. Formed with the suffix -māna.

Prefix: pari

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with `vanam`.

द्रुमान् (drumān) - trees (accusative plural)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of druma

druma - tree

Root: drum (class 1)

Note: Object coordinated with `vanam`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विध्वंसितपत्रपुष्पान् (vidhvaṁsitapatrapuṣpān) - having shattered leaves and flowers

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vidhvaṃsitapatrapuṣpa

vidhvaṁsitapatrapuṣpa - one whose leaves and flowers are shattered/destroyed

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vidhvaṃsita+patra+puṣpa)

• vidhvaṃsita – shattered, destroyed, ruined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √dhvaṃs (to fall, perish) with upasarga vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)
• patra – leaf
  noun (neuter)
• puṣpa – flower, blossom
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `drumān`.

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having observed, having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

From root √īkṣ (to see, perceive) with upasarga sam- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates action completed before the main verb `nivārayāmāsa`.

कोपात् (kopāt) - from anger, out of anger

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, fury

From root √kup (to be angry).

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Indicates the cause of the action `nivārayāmāsa`.

दधिवक्त्रनामा (dadhivaktranāmā) - The name of the monkey who is the guardian of the Madhuvanam. (named Dadhimukha (literally, "curd-faced" or "milk-faced"))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dadhivaktranāman

dadhivaktranāman - one whose name is Dadhimukha (literally 'curd-faced')

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dadhi+vaktra+nāman)

• dadhi – curds, sour milk
  noun (neuter)
• vaktra – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
• nāman – name
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

निवारयामास (nivārayāmāsa) - he restrained, he prevented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vṛ

Periphrastic Perfect Active (Causative)

Third person singular, Parasmaipada. Formed with `āmāsa` from the root `as` added to the causative stem `nivāraya-`.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛ (class 5)

कपिः (kapiḥ) - monkey

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Root: kamp (class 1)

कपीन् (kapīn) - the other monkeys (monkeys (accusative plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Root: kamp (class 1)

तान् (tān) - those (accusative plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agrees with `kapīn`.

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