वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-59, verse-20

उवाच कांश्चित् परुषाणि धृष्टमसक्तमन्यांश्च तलैर्जघान ।
समेत्य कैश्चित् कलहं चकार तथैव साम्नोपजगाम कांश्चित् ॥२०॥

20. uvāca kāṃścit paruṣāṇi dhṛṣṭamasaktamanyāṃśca talairjaghāna ,
sametya kaiścit kalahaṃ cakāra tathaiva sāmnopajagāma kāṃścit.

20. uvāca kāṃścit paruṣāṇi dhṛṣṭam
asaktam anyān ca talaiḥ jaghāna
sametya kaiścit kalaham cakāra
tathā eva sāmnā upajagāma kāṃścit

20. kāṃścit dhṛṣṭam paruṣāṇi uvāca
anyān ca asaktam talaiḥ jaghāna
kaiścit sametya kalaham cakāra
tathā eva kāṃścit sāmnā upajagāma

20. He boldly spoke harsh words to some, and without hesitation, struck others with his palms. He started a quarrel with some, and similarly, approached others with conciliatory words.

Words meanings summery:

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कांश्चित् (kāṁścit) - some, certain ones

• परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words (harsh, rough; harsh words)

• धृष्टम् (dhṛṣṭam) - boldly, insolently, impudently

• असक्तम् (asaktam) - without hesitation (unattached, unhindered, without hesitation)

• अन्यान् (anyān) - others

• च (ca) - and

• तलैः (talaiḥ) - with palms, with soles

• जघान (jaghāna) - struck (struck, killed)

• समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having come together, approaching

• कैश्चित् (kaiścit) - with some, by some

• कलहम् (kalaham) - quarrel, dispute, fight

• चकार (cakāra) - started (a quarrel) (did, made, performed)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• एव (eva) - similarly (indeed, just, only)

• साम्ना (sāmnā) - with conciliation, with gentle words

• उपजगाम (upajagāma) - approached, went to

• कांश्चित् (kāṁścit) - some, certain ones

Words meanings and morphology

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

कांश्चित् (kāṁścit) - some, certain ones

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kimcid

kimcid - someone, something, any, certain

Indefinite pronoun formed by 'kim' + 'cid'

परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words (harsh, rough; harsh words)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

Note: Used here as a noun meaning 'harsh words'.

धृष्टम् (dhṛṣṭam) - boldly, insolently, impudently

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dhṛṣ' (to be bold) + 'kta' suffix

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Used here as an adverb, 'boldly'.

असक्तम् (asaktam) - without hesitation (unattached, unhindered, without hesitation)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'a-' (negation) + root 'sañj' (to cling, attach) + 'kta' suffix

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• sakta – attached, clinging, hindered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'sañj' (to cling, attach) + 'kta' suffix
  Root: sañj (class 7)

Note: Used adverbially.

अन्यान् (anyān) - others

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तलैः (talaiḥ) - with palms, with soles

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tala

tala - palm of the hand, sole of the foot, surface

जघान (jaghāna) - struck (struck, killed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of han

Perfect Active

Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: han (class 2)

समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having come together, approaching

(indeclinable participle)

कैश्चित् (kaiścit) - with some, by some

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kimcid

kimcid - someone, something, any, certain

Indefinite pronoun formed by 'kim' + 'cid'

कलहम् (kalaham) - quarrel, dispute, fight

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kalaha

kalaha - quarrel, dispute, fight, strife

चकार (cakāra) - started (a quarrel) (did, made, performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect Active

Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - similarly (indeed, just, only)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'tathā' to mean 'similarly'.

साम्ना (sāmnā) - with conciliation, with gentle words

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sāman

sāman - conciliation, gentle words, song, Vedic hymn

उपजगाम (upajagāma) - approached, went to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of upa-gam

Perfect Active

Perfect, 3rd person singular, active voice, with prefix 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

कांश्चित् (kāṁścit) - some, certain ones

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kimcid

kimcid - someone, something, any, certain

Indefinite pronoun formed by 'kim' + 'cid'

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