वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-59, verse-21

स तैर्मदाच्चाप्रतिवार्य वेगैर्बलाच्च तेनाप्रतिवार्यमाणैः ।
प्रधर्षितस्त्यक्तभयैः समेत्य प्रकृष्यते चाप्यनवेक्ष्य दोषम् ॥२१॥

21. sa tairmadāccāprativārya vegairbalācca tenāprativāryamāṇaiḥ ,
pradharṣitastyaktabhayaiḥ sametya prakṛṣyate cāpyanavekṣya doṣam.

21. saḥ taiḥ madāt ca aprativārya vegaiḥ
balāt ca tena aprativāryamāṇaiḥ
pradharṣitaḥ tyaktabhayaiḥ sametya
prakṛṣyate ca api anavekṣya doṣam

21. saḥ sametya tyaktabhayaiḥ madāt ca
balāt ca aprativārya vegaiḥ tena
aprativāryamāṇaiḥ taiḥ pradharṣitaḥ
ca api anavekṣya doṣam prakṛṣyate

21. He (Hanumān), assailed by these monkeys (vānaras) who, gathered together and fearless, were irresistible due to their intoxication and force, and whom he himself could not restrain, was dragged away by them, though he found no fault in their actions.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Hanumān) (he, that)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them (the monkeys) (by them)

• मदात् (madāt) - due to intoxication (from intoxication, due to pride/passion)

• च (ca) - and

• अप्रतिवार्य (aprativārya) - irresistible, unpreventable, unrestrainable

• वेगैः (vegaiḥ) - with impetuosity, with force, with speed

• बलात् (balāt) - by force, from strength

• च (ca) - and

• तेन (tena) - by him (Hanumān) (by him)

• अप्रतिवार्यमाणैः (aprativāryamāṇaiḥ) - whom he (Hanumān) was unable to restrain (by those who were not being restrained/prevented)

• प्रधर्षितः (pradharṣitaḥ) - assaulted (referring to Hanumān) (assaulted, harassed, violated)

• त्यक्तभयैः (tyaktabhayaiḥ) - by those (monkeys) who had abandoned fear (by those who have abandoned fear, fearless)

• समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having come together, approaching

• प्रकृष्यते (prakṛṣyate) - is dragged away (is dragged, is pulled, is attracted)

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - even, also

• अनवेक्ष्य (anavekṣya) - though he found no fault in (their actions) (without considering, without looking at)

• दोषम् (doṣam) - fault (in their actions) (fault, defect, sin, harm)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Hanumān) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तैः (taiḥ) - by them (the monkeys) (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मदात् (madāt) - due to intoxication (from intoxication, due to pride/passion)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of mada

mada - intoxication, exhilaration, passion, pride

Root: mad (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अप्रतिवार्य (aprativārya) - irresistible, unpreventable, unrestrainable

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aprativārya

aprativārya - unrestrainable, irresistible

Gerundive (Kṛtya)

Derived from 'a' (negation) + 'prati' + root 'vṛ' (to restrain) + 'ṇyat' suffix

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prativārya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• prativārya – to be restrained, restrainable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive (Kṛtya)
  Derived from 'prati' + root 'vṛ' (to restrain) + 'ṇyat' suffix
  Prefix: prati
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'vegaiḥ'.

वेगैः (vegaiḥ) - with impetuosity, with force, with speed

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vega

vega - speed, velocity, impetuosity, force

Derived from root 'vij' (to move quickly)

Root: vij (class 6)

बलात् (balāt) - by force, from strength

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by him (Hanumān) (by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अप्रतिवार्यमाणैः (aprativāryamāṇaiḥ) - whom he (Hanumān) was unable to restrain (by those who were not being restrained/prevented)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aprativāryamāṇa

aprativāryamāṇa - not being restrained, unpreventable

Present Passive Participle

Derived from 'a' (negation) + 'prati' + root 'vṛ' (to restrain) + 'śānac' suffix in passive voice

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prativāryamāṇa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• prativāryamāṇa – being restrained/prevented
  participle (masculine)
  Present Passive Participle
  Derived from 'prati' + root 'vṛ' (to restrain) + 'śānac' suffix in passive voice
  Prefix: prati
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Refers to the monkeys (vānaras) who Hanumān could not restrain.

प्रधर्षितः (pradharṣitaḥ) - assaulted (referring to Hanumān) (assaulted, harassed, violated)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradharṣita

pradharṣita - assaulted, attacked, harassed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'pra' + root 'dhṛṣ' (to be bold, attack) + 'kta' suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Refers to 'saḥ' (Hanumān).

त्यक्तभयैः (tyaktabhayaiḥ) - by those (monkeys) who had abandoned fear (by those who have abandoned fear, fearless)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tyaktabhaya

tyaktabhaya - fearless, having abandoned fear

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyakta+bhaya)

• tyakta – abandoned, left, relinquished
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'tyaj' (to abandon) + 'kta' suffix
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'taiḥ' (the monkeys).

समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having come together, approaching

(indeclinable participle)

प्रकृष्यते (prakṛṣyate) - is dragged away (is dragged, is pulled, is attracted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of pra-kṛṣ

Present Passive

Present, 3rd person singular, passive voice, with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

अनवेक्ष्य (anavekṣya) - though he found no fault in (their actions) (without considering, without looking at)

(indeclinable participle)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+avekṣya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• avekṣya – having considered, having looked at
  indeclinable participle
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  Derived from 'ava' + root 'īkṣ' (to see, consider) + 'lyap' suffix
  Prefix: ava
  Root: īkṣ (class 1)

दोषम् (doṣam) - fault (in their actions) (fault, defect, sin, harm)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, vice, error, harm

Previous Verse Next Verse