वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-59, verse-16

महीतलात् के चिदुदीर्णवेगा महाद्रुमाग्राण्यभिसंपतन्ते ।
गायन्तमन्यः प्रहसन्नुपैति हसन्तमन्यः प्रहसन्नुपैति ॥१६॥

16. mahītalāt ke cidudīrṇavegā mahādrumāgrāṇyabhisaṃpatante ,
gāyantamanyaḥ prahasannupaiti hasantamanyaḥ prahasannupaiti.

16. mahītalāt ke cit udīrṇavegāḥ mahādrumāgrāṇi abhisaṃpatante
gāyantam anyaḥ prahasan upaiti hasantam anyaḥ prahasan upaiti

16. mahītalāt ke cit udīrṇavegāḥ mahādrumāgrāṇi abhisaṃpatante
anyaḥ gāyantam prahasan upaiti anyaḥ hasantam prahasan upaiti

16. Some, with great speed, leap from the ground to the tops of tall trees. One approaches another who is singing, laughing loudly, and another approaches one who is laughing, also laughing loudly.

Words meanings summery:

• महीतलात् (mahītalāt) - from the earth's surface, from the ground

• के (ke) - some monkeys (implied) (some (masculine plural nominative))

• चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness

• उदीर्णवेगाः (udīrṇavegāḥ) - monkeys with surging speed (with surging speed, with great momentum)

• महाद्रुमाग्राणि (mahādrumāgrāṇi) - the tops of great trees

• अभिसंपतन्ते (abhisaṁpatante) - they fly towards, they rush towards

• गायन्तम् (gāyantam) - one who is singing (accusative)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another monkey (another, other)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing loudly, laughing heartily

• उपैति (upaiti) - approaches, goes near

• हसन्तम् (hasantam) - one who is laughing (accusative)

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another monkey (another, other)

• प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing loudly, laughing heartily

• उपैति (upaiti) - approaches, goes near

Words meanings and morphology

महीतलात् (mahītalāt) - from the earth's surface, from the ground

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - earth's surface, ground

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, ground, flat part
  noun (neuter)

के (ke) - some monkeys (implied) (some (masculine plural nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which, some

Note: Used here as an indefinite pronoun, meaning "some".

चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness

(indeclinable)

उदीर्णवेगाः (udīrṇavegāḥ) - monkeys with surging speed (with surging speed, with great momentum)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of udīrṇavega

udīrṇavega - one with aroused speed, with surging force

Compound formed from past passive participle "udīrṇa" and noun "vega".

Compound type : bahuvrihi (udīrṇa+vega)

• udīrṇa – aroused, risen, excited, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √īr (to move, stir) with upasarga ud-
  Prefix: ud
  Root: īr (class 2)
• vega – speed, velocity, force, momentum, impulse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vij (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `ke cit` (implied `kapiḥ`).

महाद्रुमाग्राणि (mahādrumāgrāṇi) - the tops of great trees

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of mahādrumāgra

mahādrumāgra - the top of a great tree

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā+druma+agra)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)
• agra – top, summit, front, point
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of the verb `abhisaṃpatante`.

अभिसंपतन्ते (abhisaṁpatante) - they fly towards, they rush towards

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of pat

Present Middle

Third person plural, Atmanepada (middle voice).

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The prefix `abhi` means "towards", `sam` means "together/completely".

गायन्तम् (gāyantam) - one who is singing (accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gāyat

gāyat - singing, a singer

Present Active Participle

From root √gai (to sing).

Root: gai (class 1)

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another monkey (another, other)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Subject of `upaiti`.

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing loudly, laughing heartily

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, laughing loudly

Present Active Participle

From root √has (to laugh) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `anyaḥ`.

उपैति (upaiti) - approaches, goes near

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

Present Active

Third person singular, Parasmaipada.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

हसन्तम् (hasantam) - one who is laughing (accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hasat

hasat - laughing, one who laughs

Present Active Participle

From root √has (to laugh).

Root: has (class 1)

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - another monkey (another, other)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Subject of `upaiti`.

प्रहसन् (prahasan) - laughing loudly, laughing heartily

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahasat

prahasat - laughing, laughing loudly

Present Active Participle

From root √has (to laugh) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `anyaḥ`.

उपैति (upaiti) - approaches, goes near

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

Present Active

Third person singular, Parasmaipada.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

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