वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-59, verse-19

स तैः प्रवृद्धैः परिभर्त्स्यमानो वनस्य गोप्ता हरिवीरवृद्धः ।
चकार भूयो मतिमुग्रतेजा वनस्य रक्षां प्रति वानरेभ्यः ॥१९॥

19. sa taiḥ pravṛddhaiḥ paribhartsyamāno vanasya goptā harivīravṛddhaḥ ,
cakāra bhūyo matimugratejā vanasya rakṣāṃ prati vānarebhyaḥ.

19. saḥ taiḥ pravṛddhaiḥ paribhartsyemānaḥ
vanasya goptā harivīravṛddhaḥ
cakāra bhūyaḥ matim ugratejāḥ
vanasya rakṣām prati vānarebhyaḥ

19. ugratejāḥ vanasya goptā harivīravṛddhaḥ
saḥ taiḥ pravṛddhaiḥ
paribhartsyemānaḥ bhūyaḥ vānarebhyaḥ
vanasya rakṣām prati matim cakāra

19. Being severely reprimanded by those numerous and unruly monkeys, he, the aged monkey hero and fierce guardian of the forest, once again firmly resolved to protect the forest from the other monkeys.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - the monkey Dadhimukha (he, that (masculine singular nominative))

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those monkeys (who were ravaging the forest) (by them (instrumental plural))

• प्रवृद्धैः (pravṛddhaiḥ) - by the numerous, perhaps emboldened, monkeys (by the grown, by the mighty, by the arrogant (instrumental plural))

• परिभर्त्स्येमानः (paribhartsyemānaḥ) - being thoroughly threatened, being severely reprimanded

• वनस्य (vanasya) - of the forest

• गोप्ता (goptā) - guardian, protector

• हरिवीरवृद्धः (harivīravṛddhaḥ) - aged monkey hero

• चकार (cakāra) - he made a resolve (he did, he made)

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

• मतिम् (matim) - intention, resolve, thought

• उग्रतेजाः (ugratejāḥ) - of fierce energy, of terrible splendor

• वनस्य (vanasya) - of the forest

• रक्षाम् (rakṣām) - protection, guarding

• प्रति (prati) - towards, regarding, concerning

• वानरभ्यः (vānarabhyaḥ) - from the other monkeys (ravaging the forest) (from the monkeys)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - the monkey Dadhimukha (he, that (masculine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Subject of `cakāra`.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those monkeys (who were ravaging the forest) (by them (instrumental plural))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Agent of `paribhartsyemānaḥ`.

प्रवृद्धैः (pravṛddhaiḥ) - by the numerous, perhaps emboldened, monkeys (by the grown, by the mighty, by the arrogant (instrumental plural))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pravṛddha

pravṛddha - grown up, mighty, arrogant, great, numerous

Past Passive Participle

From root √vṛdh (to grow, increase) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

परिभर्त्स्येमानः (paribhartsyemānaḥ) - being thoroughly threatened, being severely reprimanded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paribhartsyemāṇa

paribhartsyemāṇa - being threatened, being reprimanded

Present Passive Participle (Ātmanepada)

From the causative stem of root √bharts (to threaten) with upasarga pari- and suffix -māna.

Prefix: pari

Root: bharts (class 10)

Note: Describes the state of Dadhimukha.

वनस्य (vanasya) - of the forest

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Root: van (class 10)

Note: Connected with `goptā` and `rakṣām`.

गोप्ता (goptā) - guardian, protector

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of goptṛ

goptṛ - protector, guardian, preserver

Agent Noun

From root √gup (to protect) with suffix -tṛ.

Root: gup (class 1)

हरिवीरवृद्धः (harivīravṛddhaḥ) - aged monkey hero

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harivīravṛddha

harivīravṛddha - an old/elderly hero among monkeys

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha or karmadharaya (hari+vīra+vṛddha)

• hari – monkey, ape
  noun (masculine)
• vīra – hero, brave man
  noun (masculine)
• vṛddha – old, aged, grown, augmented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ`.

चकार (cakāra) - he made a resolve (he did, he made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect Active

Third person singular, Parasmaipada.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, more

(indeclinable)

Comparative form from √bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

मतिम् (matim) - intention, resolve, thought

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - thought, mind, intention, resolve, opinion

From root √man (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

उग्रतेजाः (ugratejāḥ) - of fierce energy, of terrible splendor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ugratejas

ugratejas - having fierce energy, of terrible splendor

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ugra+tejas)

• ugra – fierce, terrible, mighty, severe
  adjective (masculine)
• tejas – sharpness, splendor, energy, power, fire
  noun (neuter)

वनस्य (vanasya) - of the forest

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Root: van (class 10)

Note: Connected with `goptā` and `rakṣām`.

रक्षाम् (rakṣām) - protection, guarding

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of rakṣā

rakṣā - protection, guarding, defense

From root √rakṣ (to protect).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

प्रति (prati) - towards, regarding, concerning

(indeclinable)

Often functions as a preposition governing the accusative.

वानरभ्यः (vānarabhyaḥ) - from the other monkeys (ravaging the forest) (from the monkeys)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

Derivative of `vana` (forest), implying living in the forest.

Note: Indicates "from whom" the protection is needed.

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