वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-59, verse-15

परस्परं के चिदुपाश्रयन्ते परस्परं के चिदतिब्रुवन्ते ।
द्रुमाद्द्रुमं के चिदभिप्लवन्ते क्षितौ नगाग्रान्निपतन्ति के चित् ॥१५॥

15. parasparaṃ ke cidupāśrayante parasparaṃ ke cidatibruvante ,
drumāddrumaṃ ke cidabhiplavante kṣitau nagāgrānnipatanti ke cit.

15. parasparam ke cit upāśrayante
parasparam ke cit atibruvante
drumāt drumam ke cit abhiplavante
kṣitau nagāgrān nipatanti ke cit

15. ke cit parasparam upāśrayante ke
cit parasparam atibruvante ke
cit drumāt drumam abhiplavante
ke cit nagāgrān kṣitau nipatanti

15. Some lean upon each other, and some speak excessively to each other. Some leap from tree to tree, while others fall from the treetops to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, reciprocally, to each other

• के (ke) - who, some

• चित् (cit) - particle, indicates indefiniteness; some, a certain

• उपाश्रयन्ते (upāśrayante) - they take refuge in, they lean on, they depend on

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, reciprocally, to each other

• के (ke) - who, some

• चित् (cit) - particle, indicates indefiniteness; some, a certain

• अतिब्रुवन्ते (atibruvante) - they speak excessively, they talk over, they insult, they reproach

• द्रुमात् (drumāt) - from a tree

• द्रुमम् (drumam) - to a tree

• के (ke) - who, some

• चित् (cit) - particle, indicates indefiniteness; some, a certain

• अभिप्लवन्ते (abhiplavante) - they leap towards, they jump upon

• क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground, on the earth

• नगाग्रान् (nagāgrān) - from the mountain tops / treetops (implied ablative sense from context with 'nipatanti') (mountain tops, treetops)

• निपतन्ति (nipatanti) - they fall down, they descend

• के (ke) - who, some

• चित् (cit) - particle, indicates indefiniteness; some, a certain

Words meanings and morphology

परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, reciprocally, to each other

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an adverb.

के (ke) - who, some

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: In combination with 'cit' means 'some'.

चित् (cit) - particle, indicates indefiniteness; some, a certain

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'ke' to form 'some'.

उपाश्रयन्ते (upāśrayante) - they take refuge in, they lean on, they depend on

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of upāśri

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Root √śri, with upasargas upa + ā.

परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, reciprocally, to each other

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as an adverb.

के (ke) - who, some

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: In combination with 'cit' means 'some'.

चित् (cit) - particle, indicates indefiniteness; some, a certain

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'ke' to form 'some'.

अतिब्रुवन्ते (atibruvante) - they speak excessively, they talk over, they insult, they reproach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of atibru

Prefix: ati

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Root √brū, with upasarga ati, signifying 'over' or 'excessively'.

द्रुमात् (drumāt) - from a tree

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

Note: Indicates movement from.

द्रुमम् (drumam) - to a tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree

Note: Indicates movement towards.

के (ke) - who, some

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: In combination with 'cit' means 'some'.

चित् (cit) - particle, indicates indefiniteness; some, a certain

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'ke' to form 'some'.

अभिप्लवन्ते (abhiplavante) - they leap towards, they jump upon

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of abhiplu

Prefix: abhi

Root: plu (class 1)

Note: Root √plu, with upasarga abhi.

क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth, ground

Note: Indicates place where they fall.

नगाग्रान् (nagāgrān) - from the mountain tops / treetops (implied ablative sense from context with 'nipatanti') (mountain tops, treetops)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of nagāgra

nagāgra - mountain top, treetop

Compound type : tatpurusha (naga+agra)

• naga – mountain, tree (lit. that which does not move)
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: na
  Root: gam (class 1)
• agra – top, summit, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Though accusative plural, in context with 'nipatanti' (they fall), it takes on an ablative sense indicating the point of departure.

निपतन्ति (nipatanti) - they fall down, they descend

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of nipat

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: `ni` intensifies or directs the fall downwards.

के (ke) - who, some

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: In combination with 'cit' means 'some'.

चित् (cit) - particle, indicates indefiniteness; some, a certain

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'ke' to form 'some'.

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