वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-48, verse-8

तत्त्वतः कथयस्वाद्य ततो वानर मोक्ष्यसे ।
अनृतं वदतश्चापि दुर्लभं तव जीवितम् ॥८॥

8. tattvataḥ kathayasvādya tato vānara mokṣyase ,
anṛtaṃ vadataścāpi durlabhaṃ tava jīvitam.

8. tattvataḥ kathayasva adya tataḥ vānara mokṣyase
anṛtam vadataḥ ca api durlabham tava jīvitam

8. vānara adya tattvataḥ kathayasva tataḥ mokṣyase
anṛtam vadataḥ ca api tava jīvitam durlabham

8. Speak the truth now, O monkey; then you will be released. For one who speaks falsehood, your life will be difficult to preserve.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in reality, factually, essentially

• कथयस्व (kathayasva) - tell, speak, relate

• अद्य (adya) - today, now, at present

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that, therefore

• वानर (vānara) - O monkey (monkey)

• मोक्ष्यसे (mokṣyase) - you will be released, you will be set free

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, lie

• वदतः (vadataḥ) - of one speaking, for one speaking

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - difficult to obtain, hard to get, rare, difficult to preserve

• तव (tava) - your, yours

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

Words meanings and morphology

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - truly, in reality, factually, essentially

(indeclinable)

derived from 'tattva' (truth, reality) with the suffix 'tas' indicating manner or source

कथयस्व (kathayasva) - tell, speak, relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kath

10th class verb (kathayati)

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Atmanepada form.

अद्य (adya) - today, now, at present

(indeclinable)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that, therefore

(indeclinable)

from 'tad' (that) with 'tas' suffix

वानर (vānara) - O monkey (monkey)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey

मोक्ष्यसे (mokṣyase) - you will be released, you will be set free

(verb)

2nd person , singular, passive, future (lṛṭ) of muc

6th class verb (muñcati)

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Future passive voice in middle form (ātmanepada).

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, lie

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, lie

neg. of ṛta (truth)

Compound type : Nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negating particle
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'speaking'.

वदतः (vadataḥ) - of one speaking, for one speaking

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vadat

vadat - speaking, saying

present active participle

derived from root 'vad' (to speak) with śatṛ suffix

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Implies "of the one who speaks" or "for the one who speaks".

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Intensifying particle.

दुर्लभम् (durlabham) - difficult to obtain, hard to get, rare, difficult to preserve

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durlabha

durlabha - difficult to obtain, hard to get, rare

Compound type : Pradi-tatpuruṣa (dur+labha)

• dur – bad, difficult, hard
  prefix
• labha – obtaining, gain
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'labh' (to obtain)
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.

तव (tava) - your, yours

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Note: Possessive pronoun.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, livelihood

derived from root 'jīv' (to live), Past Passive Participle used as a noun

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second sentence.