वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-48, verse-11

धनदेन न मे सख्यं विष्णुना नास्मि चोदितः ।
जातिरेव मम त्वेषा वानरो ऽहमिहागतः ॥११॥

11. dhanadena na me sakhyaṃ viṣṇunā nāsmi coditaḥ ,
jātireva mama tveṣā vānaro'hamihāgataḥ.

11. dhanadena na me sakhyam viṣṇunā na asmi coditaḥ
jātiḥ eva mama tu eṣā vānaraḥ aham iha āgataḥ

11. me dhanadena sakhyam na viṣṇunā na asmi coditaḥ
tu eṣā mama jātiḥ eva aham vānaraḥ iha āgataḥ

11. I have no friendship with Dhanada (Kubera), nor was I sent by Viṣṇu. Indeed, this is simply my intrinsic nature (jāti): I am a monkey, and I have come here.

Words meanings summery:

• धनदेन (dhanadena) - by Dhana-da, by Kubera

• न (na) - not, no

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship, companionship

• विष्णुना (viṣṇunā) - by Viṣṇu

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am, I exist

• चोदितः (coditaḥ) - impelled, commanded, urged, sent

• जातिः (jātiḥ) - intrinsic nature (jāti) (birth, species, intrinsic nature, class)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, merely, certainly

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• एषा (eṣā) - this

• वानरः (vānaraḥ) - a monkey

• अहम् (aham) - I

• इह (iha) - here, in this place

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - arrived, come

Words meanings and morphology

धनदेन (dhanadena) - by Dhana-da, by Kubera

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhanada

dhanada - giver of wealth (epithet of Kubera)

compound 'dhana' (wealth) + 'da' (giver)

Compound type : Upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+da)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• da – giver, bestower
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'dā' (to give)
  Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Agent of the action/relation.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negation particle

Note: Negates the statement 'me sakhyam'.

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Enclitic form of genitive 'mama'.

सख्यम् (sakhyam) - friendship, companionship

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sakhya

sakhya - friendship, companionship

derived from 'sakhi' (friend)

Note: Subject of the first negated clause.

विष्णुना (viṣṇunā) - by Viṣṇu

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Viṣṇu (a major Hindu deity)

Root: viṣ (class 6)

Note: Agent in the passive construction.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negation particle

Note: Negates the verb 'asmi' and participle 'coditaḥ'.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am, I exist

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

2nd class verb (asti)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Forms a passive sentence with 'coditaḥ'.

चोदितः (coditaḥ) - impelled, commanded, urged, sent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of codita

codita - impelled, commanded, urged, sent

Past Passive Participle

derived from root 'cud' (to impel) with kta suffix

Root: cud (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective to 'aham' (implied subject of 'asmi').

जातिः (jātiḥ) - intrinsic nature (jāti) (birth, species, intrinsic nature, class)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jāti

jāti - birth, species, intrinsic nature, class, kind

from root 'jan' (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the clause "eṣā mama jātiḥ".

एव (eva) - indeed, only, merely, certainly

(indeclinable)

emphatic particle

Note: Emphasizes that it is *only* his nature.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Possessive.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

particle indicating contrast or emphasis

Note: Used for slight contrast or emphasis.

एषा (eṣā) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'jātiḥ'.

वानरः (vānaraḥ) - a monkey

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey

Note: Predicate noun for 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Subject of the last clause.

इह (iha) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

adverb of place

Note: Modifies 'āgataḥ'.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - arrived, come

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come

Past Passive Participle

derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'ā' and kta suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'aham'.