वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-51, verse-14

ततो गाढं निपतिता गृह्य हस्तौ परस्परम् ।
इदं प्रविष्टाः सहसा बिलं तिमिरसंवृतम् ॥१४॥

14. tato gāḍhaṃ nipatitā gṛhya hastau parasparam ,
idaṃ praviṣṭāḥ sahasā bilaṃ timirasaṃvṛtam.

14. tataḥ gāḍham nipatitāḥ gṛhya hastau parasparam
idam praviṣṭāḥ sahasā bilam timirasaṃvṛtam

14. tataḥ gāḍham nipatitāḥ parasparam hastau gṛhya
sahasā idam timirasaṃvṛtam bilam praviṣṭāḥ

14. Then, having collapsed completely, grasping each other's hands, they suddenly entered this cave enveloped in darkness.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• गाढम् (gāḍham) - deeply, firmly, intensely, tightly

• निपतिताः (nipatitāḥ) - fallen down, collapsed

• गृह्य (gṛhya) - having taken, having grasped

• हस्तौ (hastau) - two hands

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, each other

• इदम् (idam) - this

• प्रविष्टाः (praviṣṭāḥ) - entered

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, forcefully

• बिलम् (bilam) - cave, hole, den

• तिमिरसंवृतम् (timirasaṁvṛtam) - enveloped in darkness, covered by darkness

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

Suffix -tas from pronominal base tad

गाढम् (gāḍham) - deeply, firmly, intensely, tightly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

From root gah (to penetrate)

Root: gah (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially

निपतिताः (nipatitāḥ) - fallen down, collapsed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of nipatita

nipatita - fallen, collapsed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from ni- + root pat (to fall)

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used substantively to refer to the group (implied feminine plural)

गृह्य (gṛhya) - having taken, having grasped

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root grah (to seize, take) with ya suffix (irregular rah->ṛh)

Root: grah (class 9)

हस्तौ (hastau) - two hands

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of hasta

hasta - hand

परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, each other

(indeclinable)

Compound of para (other) and apara (other)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+apara)

• para – other, subsequent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• apara – other, another, inferior
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

प्रविष्टाः (praviṣṭāḥ) - entered

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, having entered

Past Passive Participle

Formed from pra- + root viś (to enter)

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Used substantively to refer to the group (implied feminine plural)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, forcefully

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of sahas (force), used adverbially

बिलम् (bilam) - cave, hole, den

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bila

bila - hole, cavity, cave

तिमिरसंवृतम् (timirasaṁvṛtam) - enveloped in darkness, covered by darkness

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of timirasaṃvṛta

timirasaṁvṛta - covered with darkness

Compound of timira and saṃvṛta

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (timira+saṃvṛta)

• timira – darkness, gloom
  noun (neuter)
• saṃvṛta – covered, enveloped, concealed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam- + root vṛ (to cover)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

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