वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-50, verse-18

किं कार्यं कस्य वा हेतोः कान्ताराणि प्रपद्यथ ।
कथं चेदं वनं दुर्गं युष्माभिरुपलक्षितम् ॥१८॥

18. kiṃ kāryaṃ kasya vā hetoḥ kāntārāṇi prapadyatha ,
kathaṃ cedaṃ vanaṃ durgaṃ yuṣmābhirupalakṣitam.

18. kim kāryam kasya vā hetoḥ kāntārāṇi prapadyatha
katham ca idam vanam durgam yuṣmābhiḥ upalakṣitam

18. kim kāryam vā hetoḥ kasya kāntārāṇi prapadyatha
ca katham yuṣmābhiḥ idam durgam vanam upalakṣitam

18. What is your purpose, or for what reason have you entered these wildernesses? And how did you perceive this difficult forest?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - purpose, work, action, to be done

• कस्य (kasya) - whose, of what

• वा (vā) - or, either

• हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the sake of, on account of, cause

• कान्ताराणि (kāntārāṇi) - forests, wildernesses

• प्रपद्यथ (prapadyatha) - you enter, approach

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• च (ca) - and, also

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

• दुर्गम् (durgam) - difficult, inaccessible, fortress

• युष्माभिः (yuṣmābhiḥ) - by you (plural)

• उपलक्षितम् (upalakṣitam) - noticed, perceived, observed

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, why

(interrogative pronoun)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - purpose, work, action, to be done

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - work, duty, purpose, to be done

Gerundive

Formed from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -ya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कस्य (kasya) - whose, of what

(interrogative pronoun)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

हेतोः (hetoḥ) - for the sake of, on account of, cause

(noun)

masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, instrument

Note: Used here adverbially to mean 'for the sake of' or 'on account of'.

कान्ताराणि (kāntārāṇi) - forests, wildernesses

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of kāntāra

kāntāra - forest, large forest, wilderness, desert

प्रपद्यथ (prapadyatha) - you enter, approach

(verb)

2nd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of pad

Prefix: pra

Root: pad (class 4)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

दुर्गम् (durgam) - difficult, inaccessible, fortress

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durga

durga - difficult of access, inaccessible, fortress, stronghold

युष्माभिः (yuṣmābhiḥ) - by you (plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

उपलक्षितम् (upalakṣitam) - noticed, perceived, observed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upalakṣita

upalakṣita - noticed, observed, marked, indicated

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root lakṣ (to perceive, mark) with prefix upa

Prefix: upa

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

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