वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-5, verse-4

तस्यास्य वसतो ऽरण्ये नियतस्य महात्मनः ।
रक्षसापहृता भार्या स त्वां शरणमागतः ॥४॥

4. tasyāsya vasato'raṇye niyatasya mahātmanaḥ ,
rakṣasāpahṛtā bhāryā sa tvāṃ śaraṇamāgataḥ.

4. tasya asya vasataḥ araṇye niyatasya mahātmanaḥ
| rakṣasā apahṛtā bhāryā saḥ tvām śaraṇam āgataḥ

4. tasya asya niyatasya mahātmanaḥ araṇye vasataḥ
(sataḥ) bhāryā rakṣasā apahṛtā saḥ tvām śaraṇam āgataḥ

4. While that great-souled (mahātman) one, disciplined in his vows, was dwelling in the forest, his wife was abducted by a Rākṣasa. He has come to you for refuge.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (Rama) (of him, his)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (Rama) (of this, his)

• वसतः (vasataḥ) - while dwelling (dwelling, residing, living)

• अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest (in the forest, in the wilderness)

• नियतस्य (niyatasya) - of the disciplined in his vows (of the disciplined, of the restrained, of the controlled)

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (mahātman) one (of the great-souled, of the noble)

• रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - by a Rākṣasa (by a demon, by a Rākshasa)

• अपहृता (apahṛtā) - was abducted (abducted, carried away, stolen)

• भार्या (bhāryā) - his wife (wife, spouse)

• सः (saḥ) - He (Rama) (he, that)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (to Sugriva, implied) (you (accusative))

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - for refuge (refuge, protection, shelter)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - has come (arrived, come, approached)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of that (Rama) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Refers to Rama.

अस्य (asya) - of this (Rama) (of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to Rama, emphasizing proximity or current context.

वसतः (vasataḥ) - while dwelling (dwelling, residing, living)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - dwelling, residing

Present Active Participle

From root vas (to dwell) + śatṛ

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tasya asya mahātmanaḥ niyatasya'. Describes concurrent action.

अरण्ये (araṇye) - in the forest (in the forest, in the wilderness)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness

Note: Location.

नियतस्य (niyatasya) - of the disciplined in his vows (of the disciplined, of the restrained, of the controlled)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - disciplined, restrained, fixed, bound, constant

Past Passive Participle

From ni-yam + kta

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tasya asya mahātmanaḥ'.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled (mahātman) one (of the great-souled, of the noble)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, sublime, great person

From mahā + ātman

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'tasya asya'.

रक्षसा (rakṣasā) - by a Rākṣasa (by a demon, by a Rākshasa)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, Rākṣasa

Note: Agent of the abduction.

अपहृता (apahṛtā) - was abducted (abducted, carried away, stolen)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apahṛta

apahṛta - abducted, carried away, stolen

Past Passive Participle

From apa-hṛ + kta

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhāryā'.

भार्या (bhāryā) - his wife (wife, spouse)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhāryā

bhāryā - wife, spouse

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (feminine)

From root bhṛ (to bear, support) + ṇyaT, used as feminine noun.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive clause.

सः (saḥ) - He (Rama) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Subject of the second clause.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (to Sugriva, implied) (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of 'āgataḥ' in the sense of 'coming to'.

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - for refuge (refuge, protection, shelter)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, protection, shelter

Root: śṛ (class 5)

Note: Purpose of coming.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - has come (arrived, come, approached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, approached

Past Passive Participle

From ā-gam + kta

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

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