वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-53, verse-23

अतो नु किं दुःखतरं यो ऽहमिक्ष्वाकुनन्दनम् ।
इमामवस्थामापन्नो नेह पश्यामि राघवम् ॥२३॥

23. ato nu kiṃ duḥkhataraṃ yo'hamikṣvākunandanam ,
imāmavasthāmāpanno neha paśyāmi rāghavam.

23. ataḥ nu kim duḥkhataram yaḥ aham ikṣvākunandanam
imām avasthām āpannaḥ na iha paśyāmi rāghavam

23. yaḥ aham imām avasthām āpannaḥ ataḥ kim nu
duḥkhataram iha ikṣvākunandanam rāghavam na paśyāmi

23. What could be more sorrowful than this, that I, having fallen into such a state, do not see Raghava, the delight of the Ikshvaku (ikṣvāku) dynasty, here?

Words meanings summery:

• अतः (ataḥ) - hence, from this, therefore

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अहम् (aham) - I

• इक्ष्वाकुनन्दनम् (ikṣvākunandanam) - Rama, as a descendant of the Ikshvaku dynasty. (delight of Ikshvaku, son of Ikshvaku's line)

• इमाम् (imām) - this

• अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - state, condition, situation

• आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - obtained, reached, fallen into, undergone

• न (na) - not, no

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see

• राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rama, as a descendant of King Raghu. (Raghava, descendant of Raghu)

Words meanings and morphology

अतः (ataḥ) - hence, from this, therefore

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverb derived from idam or a demonstrative pronoun.

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more painful, more sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more painful, more sorrowful

Comparative degree of duḥkha ('pain, sorrow').

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

इक्ष्वाकुनन्दनम् (ikṣvākunandanam) - Rama, as a descendant of the Ikshvaku dynasty. (delight of Ikshvaku, son of Ikshvaku's line)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ikṣvākunandana

ikṣvākunandana - delight of Ikshvaku, descendant of Ikshvaku

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ikṣvāku+nandana)

• ikṣvāku – Ikshvaku (name of a legendary king, founder of the solar dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – delighting, gladdening; son, child
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  Derived from the root nand (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)

इमाम् (imām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - state, condition, situation

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avasthā

avasthā - state, condition, situation, circumstance

Derived from the root sthā with prefix ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

आपन्नः (āpannaḥ) - obtained, reached, fallen into, undergone

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - obtained, reached, fallen into, undergone

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root pad with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of paś

Present stem of dṛś

The present stem is paśya-.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राघवम् (rāghavam) - Rama, as a descendant of King Raghu. (Raghava, descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - Raghava (descendant of Raghu); an epithet of Rama

Patronymic from Raghu.

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