वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-53, verse-1

मम त्वश्वा निवृत्तस्य न प्रावर्तन्त वर्त्मनि ।
उष्णमश्रु विमुञ्चन्तो रामे संप्रस्थिते वनम् ॥१॥

1. mama tvaśvā nivṛttasya na prāvartanta vartmani ,
uṣṇamaśru vimuñcanto rāme saṃprasthite vanam.

1. mama tu aśvāḥ nivṛttasya na prāvartanta vartmani
uṣṇam aśru vimuñcantaḥ rāme samprasthite vanam

1. mama nivṛttasya tu aśvāḥ uṣṇam aśru vimuñcantaḥ
vartmani na prāvartanta rāme vanam samprasthite

1. But my horses, as I turned back, would not proceed on the path; they were shedding hot tears, while Rama had departed for the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

• निवृत्तस्य (nivṛttasya) - of the one who returned, of the turned back one

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रावर्तन्त (prāvartanta) - they moved forward, they proceeded

• वर्त्मनि (vartmani) - on the path

• उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot

• अश्रु (aśru) - tears

• विमुञ्चन्तः (vimuñcantaḥ) - shedding, releasing, casting forth

• रामे (rāme) - in/on Rama, when Rama

• सम्प्रस्थिते (samprasthite) - having departed, having set out

• वनम् (vanam) - to the forest

Words meanings and morphology

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

निवृत्तस्य (nivṛttasya) - of the one who returned, of the turned back one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - returned, turned back, ceased

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛt- with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker (the charioteer)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रावर्तन्त (prāvartanta) - they moved forward, they proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, Imperfect (laṅ) of pravṛt

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

वर्त्मनि (vartmani) - on the path

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartman

vartman - path, road, course

उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, warm

Note: Agrees with 'aśru'

अश्रु (aśru) - tears

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśru

aśru - tear, teardrop

Note: Object of 'vimuñcantaḥ'

विमुञ्चन्तः (vimuñcantaḥ) - shedding, releasing, casting forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vimuñcat

vimuñcat - shedding, releasing, letting go

Present Active Participle

Present participle of root muc- with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Agrees with 'aśvāḥ'

रामे (rāme) - in/on Rama, when Rama

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction

सम्प्रस्थिते (samprasthite) - having departed, having set out

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of samprasthita

samprasthita - departed, set out, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root sthā- with prefixes sam- and pra-

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, agrees with 'rāme'

वनम् (vanam) - to the forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Indicates direction