वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-53, verse-14

सूतस्य वचनं श्रुत्वा वाचा परमदीनया ।
बाष्पोपहतया राजा तं सूतमिदमब्रवीत् ॥१४॥

14. sūtasya vacanaṃ śrutvā vācā paramadīnayā ,
bāṣpopahatayā rājā taṃ sūtamidamabravīt.

14. sūtasya vacanam śrutvā vācā paramadīnayā
bāṣpopahatayā rājā tam sūtam idam abravīt

14. rājā sūtasya vacanam bāṣpopahatayā paramadīnayā
vācā śrutvā tam sūtam idam abravīt

14. Hearing the charioteer's words, the king, his voice extremely sorrowful and choked with tears, spoke the following to that charioteer.

Words meanings summery:

• सूतस्य (sūtasya) - of the charioteer

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• वाचा (vācā) - by voice, with speech

• परमदीनया (paramadīnayā) - extremely sorrowful, very miserable

• बाष्पोपहतया (bāṣpopahatayā) - choked by tears, overcome by tears

• राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (the king)

• तम् (tam) - that

• सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

• इदम् (idam) - this, the following

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

सूतस्य (sūtasya) - of the charioteer

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, herald, bard, a mixed caste

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying, utterance

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed by adding suffix ktvā to the root śru.

Root: śru (class 5)

वाचा (vācā) - by voice, with speech

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word

परमदीनया (paramadīnayā) - extremely sorrowful, very miserable

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of paramadīna

paramadīna - extremely sorrowful, utterly wretched

Compound of parama (supreme, extreme) and dīna (sorrowful, wretched).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+dīna)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• dīna – sorrowful, wretched, miserable, poor
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dī (to decay, be miserable).
  Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with vācā.

बाष्पोपहतया (bāṣpopahatayā) - choked by tears, overcome by tears

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of bāṣpopahata

bāṣpopahata - choked by tears, obscured by tears

Compound of bāṣpa (tears) and upahata (struck, hurt, overcome).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṣpa+upahata)

• bāṣpa – tears, vapor, steam
  noun (masculine)
• upahata – struck, hurt, damaged, overcome, choked
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike, kill) with prefix upa. upa-han.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with vācā.

राजा (rājā) - King Daśaratha (the king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with sūtam.

सूतम् (sūtam) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, herald, bard

Note: Object of abravīt.

इदम् (idam) - this, the following

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, now

Note: Object of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect (Laṅ)

3rd person singular active, augment a- and suffix -īt.

Root: brū (class 2)

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