वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-53, verse-12

अप्रहृष्टमनुष्या च दीननागतुरंगमा ।
आर्तस्वरपरिम्लाना विनिःश्वसितनिःस्वना ॥१२॥

12. aprahṛṣṭamanuṣyā ca dīnanāgaturaṃgamā ,
ārtasvaraparimlānā viniḥśvasitaniḥsvanā.

12. aprahṛṣṭamanuṣyā ca dīnanāgaturaṃgamā
ārtasvaraparịmlānā viniḥśvasitaniḥsvanā

12. ca aprahṛṣṭamanuṣyā dīnanāgaturaṃgamā
ārtasvaraparịmlānā viniḥśvasitaniḥsvanā

12. And [the city] has unhappy people, with dejected elephants and horses; it is withered by sounds of anguish and filled with the noise of sighs.

Words meanings summery:

• अप्रहृष्टमनुष्या (aprahṛṣṭamanuṣyā) - whose people are unhappy, with dejected people

• च (ca) - and

• दीननागतुरंगमा (dīnanāgaturaṁgamā) - whose elephants and horses are dejected, with sorrowful elephants and horses

• आर्तस्वरपर्ịम्लाना (ārtasvaraparịmlānā) - withered by sounds of anguish, faded by cries of distress

• विनिःश्वसितनिःस्वना (viniḥśvasitaniḥsvanā) - with the sound of sighs, resounding with heavy sighs

Words meanings and morphology

अप्रहृष्टमनुष्या (aprahṛṣṭamanuṣyā) - whose people are unhappy, with dejected people

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aprahṛṣṭamanuṣya

aprahṛṣṭamanuṣya - having unhappy people

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (aprahṛṣṭa+manuṣya)

• aprahṛṣṭa – unhappy, dejected, not gladdened
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From a- + pra-hṛṣ (to rejoice).
  Prefixes: a+pra
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)
• manuṣya – human being, man, person, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Describes the city (Ayodhya).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

दीननागतुरंगमा (dīnanāgaturaṁgamā) - whose elephants and horses are dejected, with sorrowful elephants and horses

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dīnanāgaturaṃgama

dīnanāgaturaṁgama - having dejected elephants and horses

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (dīna+nāga+turaṃgama)

• dīna – dejected, sad, miserable, poor
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dī (to waste, pine).
  Root: dī (class 4)
• nāga – snake, elephant, mountain
  noun (masculine)
• turaṃgama – horse
  noun (masculine)
  From turaṃ (swiftly) + gama (going).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Describes the city (Ayodhya).

आर्तस्वरपर्ịम्लाना (ārtasvaraparịmlānā) - withered by sounds of anguish, faded by cries of distress

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ārtasvaraparịmlāna

ārtasvaraparịmlāna - faded/withered by sounds of distress

Compound adjective (Tatpurusha).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (ārta+svara+parimlāna)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ṛ (to go, move) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• svara – sound, voice, tone, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svṛ (class 1)
• parimlāna – faded, withered, depressed, dejected
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From pari-mlai 'to fade, wither'.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: mlai (class 1)

Note: Describes the city (Ayodhya).

विनिःश्वसितनिःस्वना (viniḥśvasitaniḥsvanā) - with the sound of sighs, resounding with heavy sighs

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viniḥśvasitaniḥsvana

viniḥśvasitaniḥsvana - having the sound of sighs

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (viniḥśvasita+niḥsvana)

• viniḥśvasita – sighing, breathing out, deep breath
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  From vi-niḥ-śvas 'to sigh'.
  Prefixes: vi+niḥ
  Root: śvas (class 2)
• niḥsvana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  From niḥ-svan 'to sound forth'.
  Prefix: niḥ
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Describes the city (Ayodhya).

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