वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-53, verse-13

निरानन्दा महाराज रामप्रव्राजनातुला ।
कौसल्या पुत्र हीनेव अयोध्या प्रतिभाति मा ॥१३॥

13. nirānandā mahārāja rāmapravrājanātulā ,
kausalyā putra hīneva ayodhyā pratibhāti mā.

13. nirānandā mahārāja rāmapravrājanātulā
kausalyā putra hīnā iva ayodhyā pratibhāti mā

13. mahārāja nirānandā rāmapravrājanātulā putra
hīnā iva kausalyā ayodhyā mā pratibhāti

13. O great king, Ayodhya, joyless and distressed by Rama's exile, appears to me like Kausalya herself, deprived of her son.

Words meanings summery:

• निरानन्दा (nirānandā) - joyless, without joy

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• रामप्रव्राजनातुला (rāmapravrājanātulā) - distressed by Rama's exile (distressed by Rama's exile, comparable to the distress of Rama's exile)

• कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalya (mother of Rama)

• पुत्र (putra) - son

• हीना (hīnā) - deprived (of a son) (deprived, devoid, abandoned)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अयोध्या (ayodhyā) - Ayodhya (the city)

• प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - appears (appears, seems, shines forth)

• मा (mā) - to me (to me, for me)

Words meanings and morphology

निरानन्दा (nirānandā) - joyless, without joy

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nirānanda

nirānanda - joyless, without joy, cheerless, unhappy

From nir- + ānanda (joy). 'Without joy.'

Note: Describes Ayodhya.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound of mahā (great) and rājan (king).

रामप्रव्राजनातुला (rāmapravrājanātulā) - distressed by Rama's exile (distressed by Rama's exile, comparable to the distress of Rama's exile)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rāmapravrājanātula

rāmapravrājanātula - distressed/compared by/to Rama's exile

Compound adjective. तुल (tula) can mean 'equal' or 'distressed by'.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (rāma+pravrājana+ātula)

• rāma – Rama (proper name of the son of Daśaratha)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pravrājana – banishment, exile, sending forth
  noun (neuter)
  Agent noun / Action noun
  From pra-vraj 'to wander forth, to exile'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: vraj (class 1)
• ātula – distressed, afflicted, incomparable, unequalled, resembling, comparable
  adjective
  Derived from root tul (to weigh, compare). With ā-. Can mean 'incomparable' or 'afflicted'. In context, 'afflicted/distressed' by the exile.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: tul (class 10)

Note: Describes Ayodhya.

कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalya (mother of Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (proper name, mother of Rama)

Feminine derivative from Kosala.

Note: Forms part of the simile.

पुत्र (putra) - son

(noun)

masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child, descendant

Note: Part of the compound 'putrahīnā'.

हीना (hīnā) - deprived (of a son) (deprived, devoid, abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of hīna

hīna - deprived of, wanting, deficient, inferior, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

From root hā (to abandon, leave).

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Part of 'putrahīnā' which modifies Kausalya.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

अयोध्या (ayodhyā) - Ayodhya (the city)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ayodhyā

ayodhyā - Ayodhya (proper name of a city, literally 'invincible')

From a-yudh 'not to be fought with'.

Prefix: a

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रतिभाति (pratibhāti) - appears (appears, seems, shines forth)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pratibhā

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

From prati-bhā 'to shine upon, appear'.

Prefix: prati

Root: bhā (class 2)

मा (mā) - to me (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic dative/genitive 1st person singular.