वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-49, verse-12

ते तीर्णाः प्लवमुत्सृज्य प्रस्थाय यमुनावनात् ।
श्यामं न्यग्रोधमासेदुः शीतलं हरितच्छदम् ॥१२॥

12. te tīrṇāḥ plavamutsṛjya prasthāya yamunāvanāt ,
śyāmaṃ nyagrodhamāseduḥ śītalaṃ haritacchadam.

12. te tīrṇāḥ plavam utsṛjya prasthāya yamunāvanāt
śyāmam nyagrodham āśeduḥ śītalam haritacchadam

12. te tīrṇāḥ plavam utsṛjya yamunāvanāt prasthāya
śyāmam śītalam haritacchadam nyagrodham āśeduḥ

12. Having crossed the river, they abandoned the boat. Then, departing from the Yamuna forest, they reached a dark banyan tree, which was cool and had green leaves.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - they

• तीर्णाः (tīrṇāḥ) - having crossed, having passed over

• प्लवम् (plavam) - the boat, a boat

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

• प्रस्थाय (prasthāya) - having set out, having departed

• यमुनावनात् (yamunāvanāt) - from the Yamuna forest

• श्यामम् (śyāmam) - dark, blackish, dark-colored

• न्यग्रोधम् (nyagrodham) - banyan tree

• आशेदुः (āśeduḥ) - they reached, they approached

• शीतलम् (śītalam) - cool, cold

• हरितच्छदम् (haritacchadam) - having green leaves

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तीर्णाः (tīrṇāḥ) - having crossed, having passed over

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tīrṇa

tīrṇa - crossed, passed over

Past Passive Participle

Root: tṛ (class 1)

प्लवम् (plavam) - the boat, a boat

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of plava

plava - boat, raft, float

Root: plu (class 1)

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Prefix: ut

Root: sṛj (class 6)

प्रस्थाय (prasthāya) - having set out, having departed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Prefix: pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

यमुनावनात् (yamunāvanāt) - from the Yamuna forest

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yamunāvana

yamunāvana - Yamuna forest

Compound type : tatpurusha (yamunā+vana)

• yamunā – the Yamuna river
  proper noun (feminine)
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

श्यामम् (śyāmam) - dark, blackish, dark-colored

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śyāma

śyāma - dark, black, dark-blue, green

न्यग्रोधम् (nyagrodham) - banyan tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nyagrodha

nyagrodha - banyan tree (Ficus indica)

आशेदुः (āśeduḥ) - they reached, they approached

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Liṭ) of sad

Perfect tense (Liṭ) 3rd person plural

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

शीतलम् (śītalam) - cool, cold

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śītala

śītala - cool, cold, refreshing

हरितच्छदम् (haritacchadam) - having green leaves

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of haritacchada

haritacchada - having green leaves

Compound type : bahuvrihi (harita+chada)

• harita – green, greenish-yellow, verdant
  adjective (masculine)
• chada – leaf, wing, covering
  noun (masculine)

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