वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-39, verse-16

निशम्य तल् लक्ष्मणमातृवाक्यं रामस्य मातुर्नरदेवपत्न्याः ।
सद्यः शरीरे विननाश शोकः शरद्गतो मेघ इवाल्पतोयः ॥१६॥

16. niśamya tal lakṣmaṇamātṛvākyaṃ rāmasya māturnaradevapatnyāḥ ,
sadyaḥ śarīre vinanāśa śokaḥ śaradgato megha ivālpatoyaḥ.

16. niśamya tat lakṣmaṇamātṛvākyaṃ
rāmasya mātuḥ naradevapatnyāḥ
sadyaḥ śarīre vinanāśa śokaḥ
śaradgataḥ meghaḥ iva alpatoyaḥ

16. śokaḥ rāmasya mātuḥ naradevapatnyāḥ
tat lakṣmaṇamātṛvākyaṃ
niśamya sadyaḥ śarīre vinanāśa
śaradgataḥ alpatoyaḥ meghaḥ iva

16. Upon hearing those words from Lakshmana's mother, who was also Rama's mother and the king's wife, sorrow immediately vanished from her body, just like an autumnal cloud with little water.

Words meanings summery:

• निशम्य (niśamya) - upon hearing (having heard, having listened carefully)

• तत् (tat) - those (that, those)

• लक्ष्मणमातृवाक्यं (lakṣmaṇamātṛvākyaṁ) - words of Lakshmana's mother

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

• मातुः (mātuḥ) - of the mother

• नरदेवपत्न्याः (naradevapatnyāḥ) - of the king's wife

• सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately (immediately, instantly)

• शरीरे (śarīre) - from her body (in the body)

• विननाश (vinanāśa) - vanished (was destroyed, vanished)

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

• शरद्गतः (śaradgataḥ) - autumnal (gone with autumn, autumnal)

• मेघः (meghaḥ) - cloud

• इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

• अल्पतोयः (alpatoyaḥ) - with little water (having little water, with scanty water)

Words meanings and morphology

निशम्य (niśamya) - upon hearing (having heard, having listened carefully)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √śam (to be calm) with prefix ni- and causative -aya + suffix -ya (used when a prefix is present). Here, it means to hear/perceive.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: Introduces a temporal or causal clause.

तत् (tat) - those (that, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'vākyam'.

लक्ष्मणमातृवाक्यं (lakṣmaṇamātṛvākyaṁ) - words of Lakshmana's mother

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of lakṣmaṇamātṛvākya

lakṣmaṇamātṛvākya - Lakshmana's mother's speech/words

Tatpurusha compound: Lakṣmaṇa (Lakshmana) + mātṛ (mother) + vākya (word/speech).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (lakṣmaṇa+mātṛ+vākya)

• lakṣmaṇa – Lakshmana (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mātṛ – mother
  noun (feminine)
• vākya – word, speech, statement
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'niśamya'.

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name)

Note: Possessive, 'of Rama'.

मातुः (mātuḥ) - of the mother

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

Note: Refers to Kausalya, the mother of Rama.

नरदेवपत्न्याः (naradevapatnyāḥ) - of the king's wife

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of naradevapatnī

naradevapatnī - queen, wife of a king

Tatpurusha compound: naradeva (king) + patnī (wife).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (naradeva+patnī)

• naradeva – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• patnī – wife, mistress of the house
  noun (feminine)

Note: Refers to Kausalya, wife of King Dasharatha.

सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately (immediately, instantly)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage.

Note: Adverb modifying 'vinanāśa'.

शरीरे (śarīre) - from her body (in the body)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body

Note: Indicates location where sorrow vanished.

विननाश (vinanāśa) - vanished (was destroyed, vanished)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of naś

Perfect Tense (Parasmaipada)

From root √naś (to perish) with prefix vi-, reduplicated perfect form.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, burning pain

From root √śuc (to grieve, burn).

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vinanāśa'.

शरद्गतः (śaradgataḥ) - autumnal (gone with autumn, autumnal)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaradgata

śaradgata - belonging to autumn, autumnal

Tatpurusha compound: śarad (autumn) + gata (gone/belonging to).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (śarad+gata)

• śarad – autumn
  noun (feminine)
• gata – gone, arrived, existing in
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'meghaḥ'.

मेघः (meghaḥ) - cloud

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of megha

megha - cloud

From root √mih (to sprinkle).

Root: mih (class 1)

Note: Part of the simile.

इव (iva) - just like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

Note: Used for comparison.

अल्पतोयः (alpatoyaḥ) - with little water (having little water, with scanty water)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alpatoya

alpatoya - having little water

Bahuvrīhi compound: alpa (little) + toya (water).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (alpa+toya)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective
• toya – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'meghaḥ'.

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