वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-39, verse-1

विलपन्तीं तथा तां तु कौसल्यां प्रमदोत्तमाम् ।
इदं धर्मे स्थिता धर्म्यं सुमित्रा वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. vilapantīṃ tathā tāṃ tu kausalyāṃ pramadottamām ,
idaṃ dharme sthitā dharmyaṃ sumitrā vākyamabravīt.

1. vilapantīm tathā tām tu kausalyām pramadottamām
idam dharme sthitā dharmyam sumitrā vākyam abravīt

1. tathā tu dharme sthitā sumitrā vilapantīm pramadottamām
tām kausalyām idam dharmyam vākyam abravīt

1. Then, to that lamenting Kausalya, the foremost among women, Sumitra, who was established in (dharma), spoke these appropriate (dharmya) words.

Words meanings summery:

• विलपन्तीम् (vilapantīm) - lamenting, weeping, crying

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, then, in that manner

• ताम् (tām) - that (feminine accusative singular)

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed, on the other hand

• कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Kausalya

• प्रमदोत्तमाम् (pramadottamām) - the best of women

• इदम् (idam) - this (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

• धर्मे (dharme) - in (dharma), in righteousness, in natural law

• स्थिता (sthitā) - standing, situated, established, firm

• धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - righteous, lawful, conforming to (dharma)

• सुमित्रा (sumitrā) - Sumitra (name)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

विलपन्तीम् (vilapantīm) - lamenting, weeping, crying

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vilapantī

vilapant - lamenting, wailing, crying

Present Active Participle (feminine)

from vi + √lap (to speak, cry out)

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, then, in that manner

(indeclinable)

ताम् (tām) - that (feminine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: refers to Kausalya

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Kausalya

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (name of Rama's mother)

Note: object of 'abravīt'

प्रमदोत्तमाम् (pramadottamām) - the best of women

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pramadottamā

pramadottamā - best of women, excellent woman

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pramadā+uttamā)

• pramadā – woman, lovely woman, joyous woman
  noun (feminine)
  from pra + √mad (to rejoice)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)
• uttamā – best, excellent, supreme, highest
  adjective (feminine)
  feminine of uttama

इदम् (idam) - this (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: refers to 'vākyam'

धर्मे (dharme) - in (dharma), in righteousness, in natural law

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

स्थिता (sthitā) - standing, situated, established, firm

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, abiding, firm, established in

Past Passive Participle

from root √sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - righteous, lawful, conforming to (dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmya

dharmya - righteous, lawful, just, conforming to (dharma), appropriate

from dharma + yat suffix

सुमित्रा (sumitrā) - Sumitra (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sumitrā

sumitrā - Sumitra (name of Lakshmana's mother)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech, statement, sentence

from √vac (to speak) + ya suffix

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: object of 'abravīt'

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

from root √brū (to speak, tell)

Root: brū (class 2)