वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-11, verse-9

तथैवोष्णं विनिःश्वस्य वृद्धो दशरथो नृपः ।
विललापार्तवद्दुःखं गगनासक्तलोचनः ॥९॥

9. tathaivoṣṇaṃ viniḥśvasya vṛddho daśaratho nṛpaḥ ,
vilalāpārtavadduḥkhaṃ gaganāsaktalocanaḥ.

9. tathā eva uṣṇam viniḥśvasya vṛddhaḥ daśarathaḥ
nṛpaḥ vilalāpa ārtavat duḥkham gaganāsaktalocanaḥ

9. vṛddhaḥ nṛpaḥ daśarathaḥ tathā eva uṣṇam viniḥśvasya
gaganāsaktalocanaḥ ārtavat duḥkham vilalāpa

9. And so, sighing hotly, the aged King Daśaratha lamented sorrowfully as if in great pain, his eyes fixed on the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

• उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hotly, warmly, hot

• विनिःश्वस्य (viniḥśvasya) - having sighed, after sighing

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Daśaratha (name of the king)

• नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wailed, cried out

• आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - like one in distress, sorrowfully

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrowfully, with pain, sorrow

• गगनासक्तलोचनः (gaganāsaktalocanaḥ) - with eyes fixed on the sky

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, even

(indeclinable)

उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hotly, warmly, hot

(adverb)

Note: Adverbial accusative neuter singular.

विनिःश्वस्य (viniḥśvasya) - having sighed, after sighing

(absolutive)

Note: Gerund, indicates an action completed before the main verb.

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old, aged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

from the root 'vṛdh' (to grow).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'daśarathaḥ'.

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Daśaratha (name of the king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Daśaratha (a celebrated king of Ayodhyā, father of Rāma)

नृपः (nṛpaḥ) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

from nṛ (man) + pā (to protect)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wailed, cried out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of lap

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

आर्तवत् (ārtavat) - like one in distress, sorrowfully

(indeclinable)

from ārta (distressed) + vat (suffix meaning 'like', 'as if')

Compound type : adverbial suffix (ārta+vat)

• ārta – distressed, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from the root 'ṛ' (to go, rise) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 3)
• vat – like, as if
  suffix
  suffix forming adverbs from nouns/adjectives.

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying 'vilalāpa'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrowfully, with pain, sorrow

(adverb)

Note: Adverbial accusative neuter singular modifying 'vilalāpa'.

गगनासक्तलोचनः (gaganāsaktalocanaḥ) - with eyes fixed on the sky

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaganāsaktalocana

gaganāsaktalocana - having eyes fixed on the sky

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gagana+āsakta+locana)

• gagana – sky, atmosphere, firmament
  noun (neuter)
• āsakta – fixed, attached, intent, absorbed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from the root 'sañj' (to attach) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sañj (class 1)
• locana – eye, seeing, organ of sight
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'daśarathaḥ'.

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