वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-11, verse-8

स त्रियामा तथार्तस्य चन्द्रमण्डलमण्डिता ।
राज्ञो विलपमानस्य न व्यभासत शर्वरी ॥८॥

8. sa triyāmā tathārtasya candramaṇḍalamaṇḍitā ,
rājño vilapamānasya na vyabhāsata śarvarī.

8. sa triyāmā tathā ārtasya candramaṇḍalamaṇḍitā
rājñaḥ vilapamānasya na vyabhāsata śarvarī

8. tathā ārtasya vilapamānasya rājñaḥ,
candramaṇḍalamaṇḍitā sa triyāmā śarvarī na vyabhāsata

8. To the king, thus distressed and lamenting, that night, though adorned with the moon's orb, did not appear bright.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that, she

• त्रियामा (triyāmā) - night (literally 'having three watches')

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• आर्तस्य (ārtasya) - of the distressed one, for the suffering one

• चन्द्रमण्डलमण्डिता (candramaṇḍalamaṇḍitā) - adorned by the orb of the moon

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king, for the king

• विलपमानस्य (vilapamānasya) - of him who was lamenting, while he was lamenting

• न (na) - not

• व्यभासत (vyabhāsata) - it did not shine, it did not appear bright

• शर्वरी (śarvarī) - night

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that, she

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Irregular sandhi for feminine nominative singular 'sā' before a consonant, common in epic Sanskrit.

त्रियामा (triyāmā) - night (literally 'having three watches')

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of triyāmā

triyāmā - night (divided into three watches), three watches

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tri+yāma)

• tri – three
  numeral (masculine)
• yāma – watch, period of time (typically 3 hours), restraint
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the night.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

आर्तस्य (ārtasya) - of the distressed one, for the suffering one

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, hurt

Past Passive Participle

from the root 'ṛ' (to go, rise) with prefix 'ā', meaning 'one who has been hurt or afflicted'.

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'rājñaḥ'.

चन्द्रमण्डलमण्डिता (candramaṇḍalamaṇḍitā) - adorned by the orb of the moon

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of candramaṇḍalamaṇḍita

candramaṇḍalamaṇḍita - adorned by the orb of the moon

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (candra+maṇḍala+maṇḍita)

• candra – moon, luminous
  noun (masculine)
• maṇḍala – orb, circle, disk, sphere
  noun (neuter)
• maṇḍita – adorned, decorated, embellished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from the root 'maṇḍ' (to adorn, to decorate).
  Root: maṇḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'śarvarī' and 'triyāmā'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king, for the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

विलपमानस्य (vilapamānasya) - of him who was lamenting, while he was lamenting

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vilapamāna

vilapamāna - lamenting, wailing, crying

Present Middle Participle

from the root 'lap' with prefix 'vi-'.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājñaḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

व्यभासत (vyabhāsata) - it did not shine, it did not appear bright

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect indicative (laṅ) of bhā

Prefix: vi

Root: bhā (class 2)

शर्वरी (śarvarī) - night

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śarvarī

śarvarī - night, darkness