वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-106, verse-9

गोष्ठमध्ये स्थितामार्तामचरन्तीं नवं तृणम् ।
गोवृषेण परित्यक्तां गवां पत्नीमिवोत्सुकाम् ॥९॥

9. goṣṭhamadhye sthitāmārtāmacarantīṃ navaṃ tṛṇam ,
govṛṣeṇa parityaktāṃ gavāṃ patnīmivotsukām.

9. goṣṭhamadhye sthitām ārtām acarantīm navam tṛṇam
govṛṣeṇa parityaktām gavām patnīm iva utsukām

9. gavām patnīm iva utsukām,
goṣṭhamadhye sthitām,
navam tṛṇam acarantīm,
govṛṣeṇa parityaktām

9. Like the anxious cow, the mate of a bull, standing in the cow-shed, not grazing on fresh grass, abandoned by the bull.

Words meanings summery:

• गोष्ठमध्ये (goṣṭhamadhye) - in the midst of the cow-shed, in the cow-shed

• स्थिताम् (sthitām) - situated, standing

• आर्ताम् (ārtām) - distressed, suffering, afflicted

• अचरन्तीम् (acarantīm) - not grazing, not moving (to eat)

• नवम् (navam) - fresh, new

• तृणम् (tṛṇam) - grass

• गोवृषेण (govṛṣeṇa) - by the bull

• परित्यक्ताम् (parityaktām) - abandoned, forsaken

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• पत्नीम् (patnīm) - In the context of cows, it refers to the female cow who is the mate of the bull. (wife, mate (female partner))

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• उत्सुकाम् (utsukām) - anxious, longing, eager

Words meanings and morphology

गोष्ठमध्ये (goṣṭhamadhye) - in the midst of the cow-shed, in the cow-shed

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of goṣṭhamadhya

goṣṭhamadhya - middle of a cow-shed

Compound type : tatpurusha (goṣṭha+madhya)

• goṣṭha – cow-shed, cattle-pen
  noun (neuter)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)

स्थिताम् (sthitām) - situated, standing

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, firm, stable

Past Passive Participle

From root 'sthā' (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'patnīm'.

आर्ताम् (ārtām) - distressed, suffering, afflicted

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, pained

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ṛ' (to go, move) with prefix 'ā', or root 'ṛdh' (to be distressed).

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'patnīm'.

अचरन्तीम् (acarantīm) - not grazing, not moving (to eat)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of acarant

acarant - not moving, not grazing, not wandering

Present Active Participle (negative)

From root 'car' (to move, graze) with negative prefix 'a'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+carant)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• carant – moving, grazing, wandering
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'car' (to move, graze).
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'patnīm'.

नवम् (navam) - fresh, new

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nava

nava - new, fresh, young, nine

Note: Agrees with 'tṛṇam'.

तृणम् (tṛṇam) - grass

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tṛṇa

tṛṇa - grass, blade of grass

Root: tṛd (class 7)

Note: Object of 'acarantīm' (implied).

गोवृषेण (govṛṣeṇa) - by the bull

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of govṛṣa

govṛṣa - bull, male cattle

Compound type : tatpurusha (go+vṛṣa)

• go – cow, cattle, ox
  noun (feminine)
• vṛṣa – bull, male, showerer (of benefits)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'parityaktām'.

परित्यक्ताम् (parityaktām) - abandoned, forsaken

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of parityakta

parityakta - abandoned, forsaken, completely given up

Past Passive Participle

From root 'tyaj' with prefix 'pari'.

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'patnīm'.

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, cattle, ox, earth, ray of light

Note: Possessive, modifying 'patnīm'.

पत्नीम् (patnīm) - In the context of cows, it refers to the female cow who is the mate of the bull. (wife, mate (female partner))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress, female owner, female animal (mate)

Feminine form of 'pati' (master, husband).

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: The main object of comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating simile.

उत्सुकाम् (utsukām) - anxious, longing, eager

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of utsuka

utsuka - anxious, eager, longing, desirous, sad

From 'ut' (prefix) + 'suk' (desirous).

Prefix: ut

Root: suk

Note: Agrees with 'patnīm'.

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