वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-106, verse-20

किं नु खल्वद्य गम्भीरो मूर्छितो न निशम्यते ।
यथापुरमयोध्यायां गीतवादित्रनिःस्वनः ॥२०॥

20. kiṃ nu khalvadya gambhīro mūrchito na niśamyate ,
yathāpuramayodhyāyāṃ gītavāditraniḥsvanaḥ.

20. kim nu khalu adya gambhīraḥ mūrcchitaḥ na niśamyate
yathāpuram ayodhyāyām gītavāditraniḥsvanaḥ

20. adya yathāpuram ayodhyāyām gambhīraḥ mūrcchitaḥ
gītavāditraniḥsvanaḥ kim nu khalu na niśamyate

20. What, indeed, has happened? Today, the deep and resounding sound of singing and musical instruments is not heard in Ayodhya as it was before.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - What? (interrogative particle) (what? which? whether?)

• नु (nu) - indeed, surely (an emphatic particle) (now, then, indeed, surely, but, an interrogative particle)

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle) (indeed, surely, certainly, for, of course, an emphatic particle)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now, at present)

• गम्भीरः (gambhīraḥ) - deep, resonant (describing sound) (deep, profound, grave, serious, solemn, resonant)

• मूर्च्छितः (mūrcchitaḥ) - spread, diffused, resonating (describing sound) (fainted, swooned, unconscious, spread, diffused, intensified, resonating)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor, neither)

• निशम्यते (niśamyate) - is heard, is perceived

• यथापुरम् (yathāpuram) - as before (as before, as formerly, as in the olden days)

• अयोध्यायाम् (ayodhyāyām) - in Ayodhya

• गीतवादित्रनिःस्वनः (gītavāditraniḥsvanaḥ) - the sound of singing and musical instruments (sound of singing and musical instruments)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - What? (interrogative particle) (what? which? whether?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, whether

Note: Used as an interrogative particle here.

नु (nu) - indeed, surely (an emphatic particle) (now, then, indeed, surely, but, an interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an emphatic particle.

खलु (khalu) - indeed, certainly (an emphatic particle) (indeed, surely, certainly, for, of course, an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an emphatic particle.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now, at present)

(indeclinable)

गम्भीरः (gambhīraḥ) - deep, resonant (describing sound) (deep, profound, grave, serious, solemn, resonant)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gambhīra

gambhīra - deep, profound, grave, serious, solemn, resonant

Note: Adjective modifying 'gītavāditraniḥsvanaḥ'.

मूर्च्छितः (mūrcchitaḥ) - spread, diffused, resonating (describing sound) (fainted, swooned, unconscious, spread, diffused, intensified, resonating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūrcchita

mūrcchita - fainted, swooned, unconscious, spread, diffused, intensified, resonating

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √mūrcch (to swoon, grow, thicken, spread)

Root: mūrcch (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'gītavāditraniḥsvanaḥ'.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor, neither)

(indeclinable)

निशम्यते (niśamyate) - is heard, is perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śam

Present Passive

Derived from root √śam (to hear, observe) with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

Note: The root is śam, with the upasarga ni.

यथापुरम् (yathāpuram) - as before (as before, as formerly, as in the olden days)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+pura)

• yathā – as, like, according to
  indeclinable
• pura – formerly, before, in front
  indeclinable

Note: Adverbial compound.

अयोध्यायाम् (ayodhyāyām) - in Ayodhya

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of ayodhyā

ayodhyā - Ayodhya (name of a city)

गीतवादित्रनिःस्वनः (gītavāditraniḥsvanaḥ) - the sound of singing and musical instruments (sound of singing and musical instruments)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gītavāditraniḥsvana

gītavāditraniḥsvana - sound of singing and musical instruments

Compound type : tatpurusha (gīta+vāditra+niḥsvana)

• gīta – sung, singing (n.)
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √gai (to sing)
  Root: gai (class 1)
• vāditra – musical instrument, playing music
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √vad (to speak, sound) with suffix -itra
  Root: vad (class 1)
• niḥsvana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √svan (to sound) with upasarga niḥ-
  Prefix: niḥ
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: The subject of 'na niśamyate'.

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