वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-106, verse-19

भरतस्तु रथस्थः सञ् श्रीमान्दशरथात्मजः ।
वाहयन्तं रथश्रेष्ठं सारथिं वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥१९॥

19. bharatastu rathasthaḥ sañ śrīmāndaśarathātmajaḥ ,
vāhayantaṃ rathaśreṣṭhaṃ sārathiṃ vākyamabravīt.

19. bharataḥ tu rathasthaḥ san śrīmān daśarathātmajaḥ
vāhayantam rathaśreṣṭham sārathim vākyam abravīt

19. tu śrīmān daśarathātmajaḥ bharataḥ rathasthaḥ san
rathaśreṣṭham vāhayantam sārathim vākyam abravīt

19. But Bharata, the illustrious son of Daśaratha, seated in his chariot, spoke words to the charioteer who was driving the excellent chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (proper name)

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - seated in the chariot, being in the chariot

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - illustrious, glorious, prosperous

• दशरथात्मजः (daśarathātmajaḥ) - son of Daśaratha

• वाहयन्तम् (vāhayantam) - driving, causing to carry

• रथश्रेष्ठम् (rathaśreṣṭham) - the best chariot, excellent chariot

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - to the charioteer

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, speech, statement

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

भरतः (bharataḥ) - Bharata (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a king, a sage, a brother of Rama)

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

रथस्थः (rathasthaḥ) - seated in the chariot, being in the chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing/being in a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  From √sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

सन् (san) - being, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, true

Present Active Participle

From √as (to be), nominative singular masculine form

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Participle agreeing with Bharata.

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - illustrious, glorious, prosperous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - illustrious, glorious, prosperous, wealthy, beautiful

Possessive suffix -mat

दशरथात्मजः (daśarathātmajaḥ) - son of Daśaratha

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśarathātmaja

daśarathātmaja - son of Daśaratha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśaratha+ātmaja)

• daśaratha – Daśaratha (name of Rama's father)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmaja – son (born of oneself)
  noun (masculine)
  From ātman + √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

वाहयन्तम् (vāhayantam) - driving, causing to carry

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāhayat

vāhayat - driving, causing to carry/flow

Present Active Participle (Causative)

From causative stem of √vah

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Participle agreeing with sārathim.

रथश्रेष्ठम् (rathaśreṣṭham) - the best chariot, excellent chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathaśreṣṭha

rathaśreṣṭha - best of chariots, excellent chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+śreṣṭha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya/praśasta

सारथिम् (sārathim) - to the charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect 3rd singular active

Root: brū (class 2)

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