वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-106, verse-22

यानप्रवरघोषश्च स्निग्धश्च हयनिःस्वनः ।
प्रमत्तगजनादश्च महांश्च रथनिःस्वनः ।
नेदानीं श्रूयते पुर्यामस्यां रामे विवासिते ॥२२॥

22. yānapravaraghoṣaśca snigdhaśca hayaniḥsvanaḥ ,
pramattagajanādaśca mahāṃśca rathaniḥsvanaḥ ,
nedānīṃ śrūyate puryāmasyāṃ rāme vivāsite.

22. yānapravaraghoṣaḥ ca snigdhaḥ ca
hayaniḥsvanaḥ pramattagajanādaḥ ca
mahān ca rathaniḥsvanaḥ na idānīm
śrūyate puryām asyām rāme vivāsite

22. rāme vivāsite idānīm asyām puryām
yānapravaraghoṣaḥ ca snigdhaḥ ca
hayaniḥsvanaḥ pramattagajanādaḥ ca
mahān ca rathaniḥsvanaḥ na śrūyate

22. The sound of excellent conveyances, the gentle neighing of horses, the roar of intoxicated elephants, and the great rumble of chariots – these are no longer heard in this city now that Rama has been exiled.

Words meanings summery:

• यानप्रवरघोषः (yānapravaraghoṣaḥ) - sound of excellent vehicles

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• स्निग्धः (snigdhaḥ) - soft, gentle (describing sound) (soft, tender, gentle, smooth, glossy, oily, affectionate)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• हयनिःस्वनः (hayaniḥsvanaḥ) - sound of horses, neighing (sound of horses, neighing of horses)

• प्रमत्तगजनादः (pramattagajanādaḥ) - roar of intoxicated elephants

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• महान् (mahān) - great (describing sound) (great, large, extensive, mighty)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• रथनिःस्वनः (rathaniḥsvanaḥ) - rumble of chariots (sound of chariots, rumble of chariots)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor, neither)

• इदानीम् (idānīm) - now (now, at this time)

• श्रूयते (śrūyate) - is heard

• पुर्याम् (puryām) - in the city

• अस्याम् (asyām) - in this (city) (in this (feminine))

• रामे (rāme) - when Rama (locative absolute) (in Rama, when Rama)

• विवासिते (vivāsite) - having been exiled, banished (locative absolute) (sent into exile, banished, dwelling apart)

Words meanings and morphology

यानप्रवरघोषः (yānapravaraghoṣaḥ) - sound of excellent vehicles

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yānapravaraghoṣa

yānapravaraghoṣa - sound of excellent vehicles

Compound type : tatpurusha (yāna+pravara+ghoṣa)

• yāna – vehicle, carriage
  noun (neuter)
  Root: yā (class 2)
• pravara – excellent, chief, best
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
• ghoṣa – sound, noise, clamour, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

Note: One of the subjects of 'śrūyate'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

स्निग्धः (snigdhaḥ) - soft, gentle (describing sound) (soft, tender, gentle, smooth, glossy, oily, affectionate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of snigdha

snigdha - soft, tender, gentle, smooth, glossy, oily, affectionate

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √snih (to be sticky, adhere, be affectionate)

Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying 'hayaniḥsvanaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

हयनिःस्वनः (hayaniḥsvanaḥ) - sound of horses, neighing (sound of horses, neighing of horses)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hayaniḥsvana

hayaniḥsvana - sound of horses, neighing of horses

Compound type : tatpurusha (haya+niḥsvana)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hi (class 5)
• niḥsvana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: niḥ
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: One of the subjects of 'śrūyate'.

प्रमत्तगजनादः (pramattagajanādaḥ) - roar of intoxicated elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramattagajanāda

pramattagajanāda - roar of intoxicated elephants

Compound type : tatpurusha (pramatta+gaja+nāda)

• pramatta – intoxicated, mad, careless
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √mad (to be intoxicated) with upasarga pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• nāda – sound, roar, cry
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nad (class 1)

Note: One of the subjects of 'śrūyate'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

महान् (mahān) - great (describing sound) (great, large, extensive, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, mighty

Note: Adjective modifying 'rathaniḥsvanaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

रथनिःस्वनः (rathaniḥsvanaḥ) - rumble of chariots (sound of chariots, rumble of chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathaniḥsvana

rathaniḥsvana - sound of chariots, rumble of chariots

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+niḥsvana)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• niḥsvana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: niḥ
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: One of the subjects of 'śrūyate'.

न (na) - not (not, no, nor, neither)

(indeclinable)

इदानीम् (idānīm) - now (now, at this time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

श्रूयते (śrūyate) - is heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śru

Present Passive

Derived from root √śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: The verb is singular despite multiple subjects, which is common in Sanskrit when the subjects refer to a collective effect or if only one is considered prominent.

पुर्याम् (puryām) - in the city

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of purī

purī - city, town, fortress

Note: Refers to Ayodhya.

अस्याम् (asyām) - in this (city) (in this (feminine))

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Demonstrative pronoun modifying 'puryām'.

रामे (rāme) - when Rama (locative absolute) (in Rama, when Rama)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a king/deity)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

विवासिते (vivāsite) - having been exiled, banished (locative absolute) (sent into exile, banished, dwelling apart)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vivāsita

vivāsita - sent into exile, banished, dwelling apart

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vas (to dwell) with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with 'rāme'.

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