वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-7, verse-9

वीराश्च नियतोत्साहा राजशास्त्रमनुष्ठिताः ।
शुचीनां रक्षितारश्च नित्यं विषयवासिनाम् ॥९॥

9. vīrāśca niyatotsāhā rājaśāstramanuṣṭhitāḥ ,
śucīnāṃ rakṣitāraśca nityaṃ viṣayavāsinām.

9. vīrāḥ ca niyatotsāhāḥ rājaśāstram anuṣṭhitāḥ
śucīnām rakṣitāraḥ ca nityam viṣayavāsinām

9. te vīrāḥ ca niyatotsāhāḥ rājaśāstram anuṣṭhitāḥ
ca nityam śucīnām viṣayavāsinām rakṣitāraḥ

9. They are brave and possessed of resolute energy, diligently practicing the principles of statecraft. They are also constant protectors of the honest inhabitants of the realm.

Words meanings summery:

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - brave, heroic, warriors

• च (ca) - and

• नियतोत्साहाः (niyatotsāhāḥ) - possessed of firm and persistent energy (having restrained/controlled enthusiasm, resolute, persistent)

• राजशास्त्रम् (rājaśāstram) - royal science, political science, statecraft

• अनुष्ठिताः (anuṣṭhitāḥ) - those who practice or are skilled in (statecraft) (practiced, followed, performed, skilled in)

• शुचीनाम् (śucīnām) - of honest and upright individuals (of the pure, of the honest, of the clean)

• रक्षितारः (rakṣitāraḥ) - protectors, guardians

• च (ca) - and

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• विषयवासिनाम् (viṣayavāsinām) - of the inhabitants of the realm (of those residing in the country/territory)

Words meanings and morphology

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - brave, heroic, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - hero, warrior, brave, powerful, excellent

Note: Refers to the ministers/officials.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

नियतोत्साहाः (niyatotsāhāḥ) - possessed of firm and persistent energy (having restrained/controlled enthusiasm, resolute, persistent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niyatotsāha

niyatotsāha - having restrained or controlled enthusiasm/energy, resolute, persevering

Compound of niyata (restrained, controlled) and utsāha (enthusiasm, energy).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (niyata+utsāha)

• niyata – restrained, fixed, controlled, regular
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yam (to restrain) with prefix ni-
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)
• utsāha – enthusiasm, energy, effort, perseverance
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root sah (to endure) with prefixes ut- and sa-
  Prefixes: ud+sa
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `vīrāḥ`.

राजशास्त्रम् (rājaśāstram) - royal science, political science, statecraft

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājaśāstra

rājaśāstra - royal science, political science, statecraft

Compound of rāja (king) and śāstra (treatise, science)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rājan+śāstra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• śāstra – treatise, science, rule, sacred text
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Object of `anuṣṭhitāḥ` (implied 'practicing').

अनुष्ठिताः (anuṣṭhitāḥ) - those who practice or are skilled in (statecraft) (practiced, followed, performed, skilled in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anuṣṭhita

anuṣṭhita - practiced, performed, accomplished, acted upon, skilled in

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā (to stand) with prefix anu- and a transformation for 'ṣṭha'

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `vīrāḥ`.

शुचीनाम् (śucīnām) - of honest and upright individuals (of the pure, of the honest, of the clean)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, bright, honest, virtuous, white

Note: Possessive, governing `rakṣitāraḥ`.

रक्षितारः (rakṣitāraḥ) - protectors, guardians

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rakṣitṛ

rakṣitṛ - protector, guardian, preserver

Agent Noun

Derived from root rakṣ (to protect) with tṛ(c) suffix

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative, 'they are protectors'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies the action of protection.

विषयवासिनाम् (viṣayavāsinām) - of the inhabitants of the realm (of those residing in the country/territory)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of viṣayavāsin

viṣayavāsin - an inhabitant of a country/region, residing in a sphere

Compound of viṣaya (country, region) and vāsin (residing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (viṣaya+vāsin)

• viṣaya – region, country, domain, object of sense, sphere
  noun (masculine)
• vāsin – dwelling, residing, an inhabitant
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun (from vas 'to dwell')
  Derived from root vas (to dwell) with ṇini suffix
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Possessive, parallel to `śucīnām`.