वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-7, verse-12

कश्चिन्न दुष्टस्तत्रासीत् परदाररतिर्नरः ।
प्रशान्तं सर्वमेवासीद् राष्ट्रं पुरवरं च तत् ॥१२॥

12. kaścinna duṣṭastatrāsīt paradāraratirnaraḥ ,
praśāntaṃ sarvamevāsīd rāṣṭraṃ puravaraṃ ca tat.

12. kaścit na duṣṭaḥ tatra āsīt paradāraratiḥ naraḥ
praśāntam sarvam eva āsīt rāṣṭram puravaram ca tat

12. tatra kaścit naraḥ duṣṭaḥ paradāraratiḥ na āsīt
tat rāṣṭram ca puravaram sarvam eva praśāntam āsīt

12. No man there was wicked, nor was there any man who delighted in other men's wives. That kingdom and excellent city were indeed entirely peaceful.

Words meanings summery:

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - no one (someone, anyone, no one (with na))

• न (na) - not, no

• दुष्टः (duṣṭaḥ) - wicked, evil, corrupt

• तत्र (tatra) - in that city or kingdom (there, in that place)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• परदाररतिः (paradāraratiḥ) - delighting in another's wife, adulterous

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a human being

• प्रशान्तम् (praśāntam) - peaceful, tranquil, calm

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire, whole

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - the kingdom, the state, the country

• पुरवरम् (puravaram) - the best of cities, an excellent city

• च (ca) - and

• तत् (tat) - that aforementioned kingdom and city (that)

Words meanings and morphology

कश्चित् (kaścit) - no one (someone, anyone, no one (with na))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain one

From ka (who) + cid (indefinite particle).

Note: Used with 'na' to mean "no one".

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the existence of wicked men or adulterers.

दुष्टः (duṣṭaḥ) - wicked, evil, corrupt

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭa

duṣṭa - wicked, evil, corrupt, spoiled

Past Passive Participle

From prefix dus- (bad) + root druh (to injure/corrupt). Also from duṣ + kta.

Prefix: dus

Root: druṣ (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - in that city or kingdom (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun tad + suffix tral.

Note: Refers to the city/kingdom.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect

Root as (to be), imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

परदाररतिः (paradāraratiḥ) - delighting in another's wife, adulterous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paradārarati

paradārarati - delighting in another's wife, adulterer, illicit lover

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (para+dāra+rati)

• para – other, alien, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: pṛ
• dāra – wife
  noun (masculine)
  Often used in plural for 'wife'.
  Root: dṝ
• rati – delight, pleasure, attachment, love
  noun (feminine)
  From root ram (to delight).
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'naraḥ'.

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a human being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Root: nṛ

Note: Subject of āsīt, qualified by paradāraratiḥ.

प्रशान्तम् (praśāntam) - peaceful, tranquil, calm

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of praśānta

praśānta - peaceful, tranquil, calm, quieted

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pra- + root śam (to be calm), with suffix kta.

Prefix: pra

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'rāṣṭram' and 'puravaram'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire, whole

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Qualifies 'rāṣṭram' and 'puravaram'.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'sarvam' and 'praśāntam'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect

Root as (to be), imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

राष्ट्रम् (rāṣṭram) - the kingdom, the state, the country

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - country, kingdom, state, nation

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of āsīt.

पुरवरम् (puravaram) - the best of cities, an excellent city

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puravara

puravara - excellent city, best city

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pura+vara)

• pura – city, town, fortress
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pṝ (class 9)
• vara – best, excellent, choice, boon
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From root vṛ (to choose).
  Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of āsīt, along with rāṣṭram.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'rāṣṭram' and 'puravaram'.

तत् (tat) - that aforementioned kingdom and city (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the kingdom and city mentioned.