वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-7, verse-16

अवेक्षमाणश्चारेण प्रजा धर्मेण रञ्जयन् ।
नाध्यगच्छद्विशिष्टं वा तुल्यं वा शत्रुमात्मनः ॥१६॥

16. avekṣamāṇaścāreṇa prajā dharmeṇa rañjayan ,
nādhyagacchadviśiṣṭaṃ vā tulyaṃ vā śatrumātmanaḥ.

16. avekṣamāṇaḥ cāreṇa prajāḥ dharmeṇa rañjayan na
adhyagacchat viśiṣṭam vā tulyam vā śatrum ātmanaḥ

16. cāreṇa avekṣamāṇaḥ dharmeṇa prajāḥ rañjayan ātmanaḥ
viśiṣṭam vā tulyam vā śatrum na adhyagacchat

16. Observing through his spies, and delighting his subjects (prajā) with (natural) law (dharma), he did not find any enemy, whether superior or equal to himself.

Words meanings summery:

• अवेक्षमाणः (avekṣamāṇaḥ) - observing (observing, watching, considering)

• चारेण (cāreṇa) - through spies (by a spy, by movement, by conduct)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - his subjects (subjects, people, progeny)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - with (natural) law (dharma) (by (natural) law, by righteousness, by duty)

• रञ्जयन् (rañjayan) - delighting (delighting, pleasing, coloring)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अध्यगच्छत् (adhyagacchat) - he found (he found, he attained, he understood)

• विशिष्टम् (viśiṣṭam) - superior (superior, excellent, distinguished, specific)

• वा (vā) - whether (or, either)

• तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal (equal, similar, comparable)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy (enemy, foe)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - to himself (of the self, of oneself, of the soul (ātman))

Words meanings and morphology

अवेक्षमाणः (avekṣamāṇaḥ) - observing (observing, watching, considering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avekṣamāṇa

avekṣamāṇa - observing, looking at, considering, expecting

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'ava', with the 'śānaC' suffix for middle voice.

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Participial form, qualifies the implied subject (King Daśaratha).

चारेण (cāreṇa) - through spies (by a spy, by movement, by conduct)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of cāra

cāra - spy, secret agent, movement, conduct, practice

Derived from root 'car' (to move, go).

Root: car (class 1)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - his subjects (subjects, people, progeny)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, people, subjects, creation

Derived from root 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'rañjayan'.

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - with (natural) law (dharma) (by (natural) law, by righteousness, by duty)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law (dharma), constitution, righteousness, duty, virtue, custom

Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to support, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

रञ्जयन् (rañjayan) - delighting (delighting, pleasing, coloring)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rañjayat

rañjayat - delighting, pleasing, making happy

Present Active Participle (Causal)

Derived from causal 'rañj' (to color, delight).

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Participial form, qualifies the implied subject (King Daśaratha).

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अध्यगच्छत् (adhyagacchat) - he found (he found, he attained, he understood)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of adhigam

Root 'gam' (to go) with prefixes 'adhi'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

विशिष्टम् (viśiṣṭam) - superior (superior, excellent, distinguished, specific)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, superior, specific, pre-eminent

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'śiṣ' (to distinguish, remain) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'śatrum'.

वा (vā) - whether (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

तुल्यम् (tulyam) - equal (equal, similar, comparable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tulya

tulya - equal, similar, like, comparable

Derived from 'tulā' (scale, balance).

Root: tul (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'śatrum'.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy (enemy, foe)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Root: śat (class 1)

Note: Object of 'adhyagacchat'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - to himself (of the self, of oneself, of the soul (ātman))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self (ātman), soul, essence, individual, person

From root 'at' (to breathe).

Root: at (class 1)

Note: Genitive indicating relation 'to himself' (in comparison).