वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-5, verse-5

कोसलो नाम मुदितः स्फीतो जनपदो महान् ।
निविष्टः सरयूतीरे प्रभूतधनधान्यवान् ॥५॥

5. kosalo nāma muditaḥ sphīto janapado mahān ,
niviṣṭaḥ sarayūtīre prabhūtadhanadhānyavān.

5. kosalaḥ nāma muditaḥ sphītaḥ janapadaḥ mahān
niviṣṭaḥ sarayūtīre prabhūtadhanadhānyavān

5. There was a great and prosperous country (janapada) named Kosala, full of joy, situated on the banks of the Sarayu river, and abundant in wealth and grain.

Words meanings summery:

• कोसलः (kosalaḥ) - Kosala (name of a kingdom)

• नाम (nāma) - named, by name

• मुदितः (muditaḥ) - joyful, happy, pleased

• स्फीतः (sphītaḥ) - prosperous, thriving, swollen, rich

• जनपदः (janapadaḥ) - country, kingdom, populated region

• महान् (mahān) - great, large, extensive

• निविष्टः (niviṣṭaḥ) - situated, settled, located

• सरयूतीरे (sarayūtīre) - on the bank of the Sarayu (river)

• प्रभूतधनधान्यवान् (prabhūtadhanadhānyavān) - possessing abundant wealth and grain, rich in resources

Words meanings and morphology

कोसलः (kosalaḥ) - Kosala (name of a kingdom)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kosala

kosala - The name of a country or kingdom.

नाम (nāma) - named, by name

(indeclinable)

मुदितः (muditaḥ) - joyful, happy, pleased

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mudita

mudita - joyful, happy, glad, delighted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mud (to rejoice) with suffix kta.

Root: mud (class 1)

स्फीतः (sphītaḥ) - prosperous, thriving, swollen, rich

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sphīta

sphīta - prosperous, thriving, abundant, swollen, large

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sphāy (to swell, grow) with suffix kta.

Root: sphāy (class 1)

जनपदः (janapadaḥ) - country, kingdom, populated region

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janapada

janapada - a country, a kingdom, a populated district, a community

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+pada)

• jana – people, person, creature
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step, place, country
  noun (neuter)

महान् (mahān) - great, large, extensive

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, mighty

निविष्टः (niviṣṭaḥ) - situated, settled, located

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niviṣṭa

niviṣṭa - placed, situated, settled, entered, invested

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root viś (to enter) with prefix ni and suffix kta.

Prefix: ni

Root: viś (class 6)

सरयूतीरे (sarayūtīre) - on the bank of the Sarayu (river)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sarayūtīra

sarayūtīra - the bank of the Sarayu river

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarayū+tīra)

• sarayū – Name of a sacred river
  proper noun (feminine)
• tīra – bank, shore, edge
  noun (neuter)

प्रभूतधनधान्यवान् (prabhūtadhanadhānyavān) - possessing abundant wealth and grain, rich in resources

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhūtadhanadhānyavat

prabhūtadhanadhānyavat - possessing abundant wealth and grain

Possessive adjective formed with suffix mat/vat from the compound prabhūtadhanadhānya.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prabhūta+dhana+dhānya)

• prabhūta – abundant, much, ample
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root bhū with prefix pra.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• dhānya – grain, corn
  noun (neuter)