वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-5, verse-19

विमानमिव सिद्धानां तपसाधिगतं दिवि ।
सुनिवेशितवेश्मान्तां नरोत्तमसमावृताम् ॥१९॥

19. vimānamiva siddhānāṃ tapasādhigataṃ divi ,
suniveśitaveśmāntāṃ narottamasamāvṛtām.

19. vimānam iva siddhānām tapasā adhigatam divi
suniveśitaveśmāntām narottamasamāvṛtām

19. divi tapasā adhigatam siddhānām vimānam
iva suniveśitaveśmāntām narottamasamāvṛtām

19. It was like a celestial palace (vimāna) of the perfected beings (siddhas), attained in heaven through their asceticism (tapas); with its houses well-arranged and surrounded by the best of men.

Words meanings summery:

• विमानम् (vimānam) - celestial palace, air-chariot, vimana

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• सिद्धानाम् (siddhānām) - of the perfected beings, of the siddhas

• तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism, through penance (tapas)

• अधिगतम् (adhigatam) - attained, reached, acquired

• दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky

• सुनिवेशितवेश्मान्ताम् (suniveśitaveśmāntām) - having well-arranged houses

• नरोत्तमसमावृताम् (narottamasamāvṛtām) - surrounded by the best of men

Words meanings and morphology

विमानम् (vimānam) - celestial palace, air-chariot, vimana

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vimāna

vimāna - aerial car, celestial palace, temple, measure, self-contained palace

vi (apart, without) + māna (measure, honor) or vi + root mā (to measure)

Prefix: vi

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Used in comparison with iva.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

सिद्धानाम् (siddhānām) - of the perfected beings, of the siddhas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of siddha

siddha - perfected, accomplished, successful, a perfected being (siddha), saint

Past Passive Participle

From root sidh (to accomplish) + suffix -ta

Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: Possessive, referring to the vimāna.

तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism, through penance (tapas)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, heat, spiritual fervor (tapas)

From root tap (to heat, to perform penance)

Root: tap (class 1)

अधिगतम् (adhigatam) - attained, reached, acquired

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhigata

adhigata - attained, reached, understood, learned, acquired

Past Passive Participle

From adhi + root gam (to go) + suffix -ta

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day, bright, celestial light

Old root div

Root: div (class 4)

सुनिवेशितवेश्मान्ताम् (suniveśitaveśmāntām) - having well-arranged houses

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of suniveśitaveśmānta

suniveśitaveśmānta - (a place) having well-arranged houses

su (well) + niveśita (arranged, established) + veśmānta (house-end, houses)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+niveśita+veśmānta)

• su – good, well, excellent, easy
  indeclinable
  Prefix expressing excellence.
• niveśita – established, placed, arranged, settled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ni + root viś (to enter), causative stem veśi (to cause to enter, to settle) + suffix -ta
  Prefix: ni
  Root: viś (class 6)
• veśmānta – vicinity of a house, houses (plural often implied), outskirts of houses
  noun (masculine)
  veśman (house) + anta (end, vicinity)

Note: Modifies the implied feminine noun (city).

नरोत्तमसमावृताम् (narottamasamāvṛtām) - surrounded by the best of men

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of narottamasamāvṛta

narottamasamāvṛta - surrounded by the best of men

nara-uttama (best of men) + samāvṛta (surrounded)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nara-uttama+samāvṛta)

• nara-uttama – best of men, foremost among men
  noun (masculine)
  nara (man) + uttama (best)
• samāvṛta – surrounded, covered, enveloped, enclosed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam + ā + root vṛ (to cover) + suffix -ta
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies the implied feminine noun (city).