वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-5, verse-20

ये च बाणैर्न विध्यन्ति विविक्तमपरापरम् ।
शब्दवेध्यं च विततं लघुहस्ता विशारदाः ॥२०॥

20. ye ca bāṇairna vidhyanti viviktamaparāparam ,
śabdavedhyaṃ ca vitataṃ laghuhastā viśāradāḥ.

20. ye ca bāṇaiḥ na vidhyanti viviktam aparāparam
śabdavedhyam ca vitatam laghuhastāḥ viśāradāḥ

20. ye ca laghuhastāḥ viśāradāḥ bāṇaiḥ viviktam
aparāparam śabdavedhyam ca vitatam na vidhyanti

20. And those who are swift-handed (laghuhastāḥ) and skilled (viśāradāḥ) do not fail to pierce with arrows distinct and successive targets, and even distant targets that are located by sound (śabdavedhya).

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - who, those who (masculine plural)

• च (ca) - and

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

• न (na) - not failing to, successfully (not)

• विध्यन्ति (vidhyanti) - they fail to pierce (when combined with na), or (in context of skill) they do not miss (they pierce, they hit)

• विविक्तम् (viviktam) - distinct target, isolated target (distinct, separated, isolated)

• अपरापरम् (aparāparam) - successive targets (successive, one after another, near and far)

• शब्दवेध्यम् (śabdavedhyam) - target located by sound for blind shooting (penetrable by sound, detectable by sound (target))

• च (ca) - also (and)

• विततम् (vitatam) - distant target (extensive, spread out, distant)

• लघुहस्ताः (laghuhastāḥ) - skilled in archery due to swift hands (light-handed, swift-handed)

• विशारदाः (viśāradāḥ) - skilled archers (skilled, expert, proficient)

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - who, those who (masculine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the clause.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects with previous description (if any) or introduces a new clause.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - by arrows, with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

Note: Means or instrument of action.

न (na) - not failing to, successfully (not)

(indeclinable)

Negating particle.

विध्यन्ति (vidhyanti) - they fail to pierce (when combined with na), or (in context of skill) they do not miss (they pierce, they hit)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vyadh

Present Active Indicative

Root vyadh (to pierce), class 4. vyadh becomes vidh in present tense forms.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

विविक्तम् (viviktam) - distinct target, isolated target (distinct, separated, isolated)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vivikta

vivikta - separated, distinct, isolated, solitary, pure

Past Passive Participle

From vi + root vic (to separate) + suffix -ta

Prefix: vi

Root: vic (class 7)

अपरापरम् (aparāparam) - successive targets (successive, one after another, near and far)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aparāpara

aparāpara - successive, one after another, near and far, higher and lower, various

apara (other, later, near) + apara (other, later, far)

Compound type : dvandva (apara+apara)

• apara – other, later, subsequent, western, inferior
  adjective (masculine)

शब्दवेध्यम् (śabdavedhyam) - target located by sound for blind shooting (penetrable by sound, detectable by sound (target))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śabdavedhya

śabdavedhya - to be pierced by sound, a target located only by sound, sound-pierced

Gerundive

śabda (sound) + vedhya (to be pierced), vedhya is a potential participle from root vyadh

Compound type : tatpurusha (śabda+vedhya)

• śabda – sound, word, voice
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śabd (class 10)
• vedhya – to be pierced, penetrable, vulnerable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Potential Participle
  From root vyadh (to pierce) + suffix -ya
  Root: vyadh (class 4)

च (ca) - also (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects viviktam aparāparam with śabdavedhyam ca vitatam.

विततम् (vitatam) - distant target (extensive, spread out, distant)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vitata

vitata - spread out, extensive, wide, distant, manifested

Past Passive Participle

From vi + root tan (to stretch, extend) + suffix -ta

Prefix: vi

Root: tan (class 8)

लघुहस्ताः (laghuhastāḥ) - skilled in archery due to swift hands (light-handed, swift-handed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of laghuhasta

laghuhasta - light-handed, swift-handed, skillful, quick-handed

laghu (light, quick) + hasta (hand)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (laghu+hasta)

• laghu – light, quick, swift, small, easy
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: lagh (class 1)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

विशारदाः (viśāradāḥ) - skilled archers (skilled, expert, proficient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viśārada

viśārada - skillful, expert, clever, knowing, proficient

vi (intensive) + śārada (sharp, knowing) or related to śārad (autumn, associated with clarity)