मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-38, verse-5
सोऽहं न दुः खी न सुखी यतोऽहं प्रकृतेः परः ।
यो भूताभिभवो भूतैः सुखदुः खात्मको हि सः ॥५॥
यो भूताभिभवो भूतैः सुखदुः खात्मको हि सः ॥५॥
5. so'haṃ na duḥ khī na sukhī yato'haṃ prakṛteḥ paraḥ .
yo bhūtābhibhavo bhūtaiḥ sukhaduḥ khātmako hi saḥ.
yo bhūtābhibhavo bhūtaiḥ sukhaduḥ khātmako hi saḥ.
5.
saḥ aham na duḥkhī na sukhī yataḥ aham prakṛteḥ paraḥ
yaḥ bhūta abhibhavaḥ bhūtaiḥ sukhaduḥkhātmakaḥ hi saḥ
yaḥ bhūta abhibhavaḥ bhūtaiḥ sukhaduḥkhātmakaḥ hi saḥ
5.
I am neither sorrowful nor happy, because I am beyond material nature (prakṛti). That experience of beings being overcome by other beings, which consists of both happiness and sorrow, indeed belongs to that (nature).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सः (saḥ) - I (referring to the speaker, here the ātman) (he, that)
- अहम् (aham) - I, the Self (ātman) (I)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- दुःखी (duḥkhī) - sorrowful (unhappy, sorrowful, suffering)
- न (na) - not (not, no)
- सुखी (sukhī) - happy (happy, joyful, comfortable)
- यतः (yataḥ) - because (because, from which, wherefore)
- अहम् (aham) - I, the Self (ātman) (I)
- प्रकृतेः (prakṛteḥ) - of material nature (prakṛti) (of nature, from nature, the original form)
- परः (paraḥ) - beyond (beyond, supreme, other, higher)
- यः (yaḥ) - that which (who, which, whatever)
- भूत (bhūta) - beings (being, creature, element, past)
- अभिभवः (abhibhavaḥ) - subjugation, being overcome (overpowering, subjugation, defeat, contempt)
- भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - by other beings (by beings, by elements)
- सुखदुःखात्मकः (sukhaduḥkhātmakaḥ) - characterized by both happiness and sorrow (consisting of happiness and unhappiness)
- हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)
- सः (saḥ) - that (refers back to the idea of `bhūtābhibhavaḥ`) (he, that)
Words meanings and morphology
सः (saḥ) - I (referring to the speaker, here the ātman) (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the 'I' (aham).
अहम् (aham) - I, the Self (ātman) (I)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of aham
aham - I
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
दुःखी (duḥkhī) - sorrowful (unhappy, sorrowful, suffering)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhin
duḥkhin - unhappy, sorrowful, suffering, experiencing pain
Note: Agrees with `aham` (masculine form used as the self is often referred to as puruṣa).
न (na) - not (not, no)
(indeclinable)
सुखी (sukhī) - happy (happy, joyful, comfortable)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sukhin
sukhin - happy, joyful, comfortable, experiencing pleasure
Note: Agrees with `aham`.
यतः (yataḥ) - because (because, from which, wherefore)
(indeclinable)
अहम् (aham) - I, the Self (ātman) (I)
(pronoun)
Nominative, singular of aham
aham - I
प्रकृतेः (prakṛteḥ) - of material nature (prakṛti) (of nature, from nature, the original form)
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, singular of prakṛti
prakṛti - nature, primordial matter, origin, original form
Prefix: pra
Root: kṛ (class 8)
परः (paraḥ) - beyond (beyond, supreme, other, higher)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of para
para - other, beyond, supreme, highest
Note: Agrees with `aham`.
यः (yaḥ) - that which (who, which, whatever)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of yad
yad - which, what, whatever
Note: Relative pronoun, refers to `abhibhavaḥ`.
भूत (bhūta) - beings (being, creature, element, past)
(noun)
neuter, plural of bhūta
bhūta - being, creature, element, existing, past (ppp of √bhū)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root √bhū (to be). Used here as a noun.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: First part of the compound `bhūtābhibhavaḥ`.
अभिभवः (abhibhavaḥ) - subjugation, being overcome (overpowering, subjugation, defeat, contempt)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of abhibhava
abhibhava - overpowering, subjugation, defeat, contempt, prevalence
Derived from root √bhū (to be) with prefix abhi-.
Prefix: abhi
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Forms the compound `bhūtābhibhavaḥ` (subjugation of beings).
भूतैः (bhūtaiḥ) - by other beings (by beings, by elements)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of bhūta
bhūta - being, creature, element, existing
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root √bhū (to be). Used here as a noun.
Root: bhū (class 1)
सुखदुःखात्मकः (sukhaduḥkhātmakaḥ) - characterized by both happiness and sorrow (consisting of happiness and unhappiness)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sukhaduḥkhātmaka
sukhaduḥkhātmaka - consisting of happiness and unhappiness, having the nature of pleasure and pain
Compound formed from 'sukha' (happiness), 'duḥkha' (unhappiness), and 'ātmaka' (consisting of, having the nature of).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi / tatpuruṣa (sukha+duḥkha+ātmaka)
- sukha – happiness, pleasure, ease
noun (neuter) - duḥkha – suffering, sorrow, pain
noun (neuter) - ātmaka – consisting of, having the nature of, relating to the self
adjective
Note: Agrees with `abhibhavaḥ` and `saḥ`.
हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)
(indeclinable)
सः (saḥ) - that (refers back to the idea of `bhūtābhibhavaḥ`) (he, that)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Correlative pronoun to `yaḥ`.