महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-52, verse-4

ऋषय ऊचुः ।
पुरा किल कुरुं राम कृषन्तं सततोत्थितम् ।
अभ्येत्य शक्रस्त्रिदिवात्पर्यपृच्छत कारणम् ॥४॥

4. ṛṣaya ūcuḥ ,
purā kila kuruṁ rāma kṛṣantaṁ satatotthitam ,
abhyetya śakrastridivātparyapṛcchata kāraṇam.

4. ṛṣayaḥ ūcuḥ | purā kila kurum rāma kṛṣantam satata
utthitam | abhyetya śakraḥ tridivāt paryapṛcchat kāraṇam

4. ṛṣayaḥ ūcuḥ he rāma,
kila purā śakraḥ tridivāt abhyetya satata utthitam kṛṣantam kurum kāraṇam paryapṛcchat

4. The sages said: "O Rama, indeed, formerly, Indra (Śakra), having descended from heaven, approached Kuru, who was constantly striving and ploughing, and asked him the reason (for his actions)."

Words meanings summery:

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said, spoke

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past

• किल (kila) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating tradition or emphasis)

• कुरुम् (kurum) - Kuru (accusative singular)

• राम (rāma) - O Rama

• कृषन्तम् (kṛṣantam) - ploughing, cultivating (masculine, accusative)

• सतत (satata) - constantly, continuously

• उत्थितम् (utthitam) - risen, stood up, engaged, striving

• अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached, having come near

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra

• त्रिदिवात् (tridivāt) - from heaven, from the celestial realm

• पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - he asked about, inquired thoroughly

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause

Words meanings and morphology

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages, seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet, Vedic singer

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of √vac

Root: √vac (class 2)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, anciently, in the past

(indeclinable)

किल (kila) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating tradition or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

कुरुम् (kurum) - Kuru (accusative singular)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Kuru

Kuru - name of an ancient king and ancestor of the Kauravas and Pandavas; name of a people or country

राम (rāma) - O Rama

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Rāma

Rāma - Rama, name of a celebrated king of Ayodhya, the seventh incarnation of Vishnu

कृषन्तम् (kṛṣantam) - ploughing, cultivating (masculine, accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛṣat

kṛṣat - ploughing, drawing, cultivating

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of the root √kṛṣ (to plough, draw).

Root: √kṛṣ (class 1)

सतत (satata) - constantly, continuously

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of satata

satata - constant, continuous, perpetual, always

उत्थितम् (utthitam) - risen, stood up, engaged, striving

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of utthita

utthita - risen, standing up, engaged in, striving, vigilant

Past Passive Participle

Formed from ut-√sthā (to rise up, stand up).

Prefix: ut

Root: √sthā (class 1)

अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached, having come near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of abhi-√i (to approach).

Prefix: abhi

Root: √i (class 2)

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (name of the chief of the gods), powerful, mighty

त्रिदिवात् (tridivāt) - from heaven, from the celestial realm

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tridiva

tridiva - heaven, paradise, celestial world

पर्यपृच्छत् (paryapṛcchat) - he asked about, inquired thoroughly

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (Laṅ) of pari-pra-√prach

Prefixes: pari+pra

Root: √prach (class 6)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason, cause

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument