महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-28, verse-13

समं कायशिरोग्रीवं धारयन्नचलं स्थिरः ।
संप्रेक्ष्य नासिकाग्रं स्वं दिशश्चानवलोकयन् ॥१३॥

13. samaṁ kāyaśirogrīvaṁ dhārayannacalaṁ sthiraḥ ,
saṁprekṣya nāsikāgraṁ svaṁ diśaścānavalokayan.

13. samam kāya śiras grīvam dhārayan acalam sthiraḥ
samprekṣya nāsikā agram svam diśaḥ ca anavlokayan

13. kāya śiras grīvam samam acalam dhārayan sthiraḥ
svam nāsikā agram samprekṣya ca diśaḥ anavlokayan

13. Holding his body, head, and neck straight and motionless, remaining firm, he should gaze at the tip of his own nose, without looking in other directions.

Words meanings summery:

• समम् (samam) - straight, even, equal

• काय (kāya) - body

• शिरस् (śiras) - head

• ग्रीवम् (grīvam) - neck

• धारयन् (dhārayan) - keeping body, head, and neck in a specific posture (holding, maintaining, bearing)

• अचलम् (acalam) - unmoving, steady, firm

• स्थिरः (sthiraḥ) - firm, steady, unmoving

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having fixed his gaze intently (having gazed well, having perceived, having examined)

• नासिका (nāsikā) - nose

• अग्रम् (agram) - tip, front, point

• स्वम् (svam) - one's own, self

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनव्लोकयन् (anavlokayan) - not looking at, not observing, not gazing

Words meanings and morphology

समम् (samam) - straight, even, equal

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sama

sama - same, equal, straight, even, level

काय (kāya) - body

(noun)

masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, collection, multitude

From root ci + a

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Used as a stem within the compound, taking neuter accusative singular ending for the whole compound.

शिरस् (śiras) - head

(noun)

neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Used as a stem within the compound, taking neuter accusative singular ending for the whole compound.

ग्रीवम् (grīvam) - neck

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of grīva

grīva - neck, nape of the neck

Root: gṝ (class 9)

Note: This is the accusative singular of the compound 'kāyaśirasgrīva'.

धारयन् (dhārayan) - keeping body, head, and neck in a specific posture (holding, maintaining, bearing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārayat

dhārayat - holding, sustaining, wearing, maintaining

Present Active Participle

From causative stem of root dhṛ (dhāraya) + śatṛ suffix

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Acts adverbially, describing the action of the yogi.

अचलम् (acalam) - unmoving, steady, firm

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of acala

acala - unmoving, immovable, steady, firm, mountain

From a (negation) + cala (moving)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+cala)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• cala – moving, trembling, fickle
  adjective (masculine)
  From root cal + a
  Root: cal (class 1)

स्थिरः (sthiraḥ) - firm, steady, unmoving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthira

sthira - firm, steady, stable, unmoving, strong

From root sthā + ira

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the yogi.

सम्प्रेक्ष्य (samprekṣya) - having fixed his gaze intently (having gazed well, having perceived, having examined)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) with prefix

From sam + pra + root īkṣ + lyap suffix

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

नासिका (nāsikā) - nose

(noun)

feminine, singular of nāsikā

nāsikā - nose, nostril

From nāsā + ika

Note: Used as a stem in the compound.

अग्रम् (agram) - tip, front, point

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of agra

agra - point, tip, front, top, chief

From root aj + ra

Root: aj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'samprekṣya'.

स्वम् (svam) - one's own, self

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self, own property, kinsman

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky, point of the compass

From root diś

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Object of 'anavlokayan'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अनव्लोकयन् (anavlokayan) - not looking at, not observing, not gazing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anavlokayat

anavlokayat - not looking at, not seeing, not observing

Present Active Participle (negative)

Formed by combining negative prefix 'an' with the present active participle 'avalokayant' (from ava + root lok, causative stem lokaya)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+avalokayant)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• avalokayant – looking down, observing, seeing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From ava + root lok + causative stem lokaya + śatṛ suffix
  Prefix: ava
  Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Acts adverbially, describing the action of the yogi.