महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-28, verse-1

श्रीभगवानुवाच ।
अनाश्रितः कर्मफलं कार्यं कर्म करोति यः ।
स संन्यासी च योगी च न निरग्निर्न चाक्रियः ॥१॥

1. śrībhagavānuvāca ,
anāśritaḥ karmaphalaṁ kāryaṁ karma karoti yaḥ ,
sa saṁnyāsī ca yogī ca na niragnirna cākriyaḥ.

1. śrībhagavān uvāca anāśritaḥ karmaphalam kāryam karma karoti
yaḥ saḥ saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca na niragniḥ na ca akriyaḥ

1. śrībhagavān uvāca yaḥ karmaphalam anāśritaḥ kāryam karma
karoti saḥ saṃnyāsī ca yogī ca na niragniḥ ca na akriyaḥ

1. The Blessed Lord said: One who performs prescribed action (karma) without depending on the results of his actions, he is both a renunciant (sannyāsī) and a practitioner of yoga (yogī), not merely one who has renounced sacred fires or simply abstains from activity.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीभगवान् (śrībhagavān) - Lord Krishna (the Blessed Lord, the Opulent One)

• उवाच (uvāca) - (the Lord) said (said, spoke)

• अनाश्रितः (anāśritaḥ) - unattached (to the fruits of action) (unattached, independent, not resorting to)

• कर्मफलम् (karmaphalam) - the results or consequences of one's actions (karma) (the fruit of action, the result of karma)

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - prescribed duty; action that must be performed (to be done, duty, obligation)

• कर्म (karma) - action, particularly prescribed duties (dharma) (action, deed, work, religious rite, destiny)

• करोति (karoti) - performs (his duty) (performs, does, makes)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (introducing the subject of the sentence) (who, which)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the person described by 'yaḥ') (he, that)

• संन्यासी (saṁnyāsī) - one who practices true renunciation (saṃnyāsa) (renunciant, ascetic)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• योगी (yogī) - one who practices true union (yoga) (yogi, practitioner of yoga)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• न (na) - not (not, nor)

• निरग्निः (niragniḥ) - one who has merely given up the ritual fires (without fire, without ritual fires)

• न (na) - nor (not, nor)

• च (ca) - and, (nor) (and, also)

• अक्रियः (akriyaḥ) - one who simply abstains from activity (without action, inactive)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीभगवान् (śrībhagavān) - Lord Krishna (the Blessed Lord, the Opulent One)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrībhagavat

śrībhagavat - the Blessed Lord, the Opulent One, possessed of glory

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (śrī+bhagavat)

• śrī – splendor, glory, prosperity, divine beauty
  noun (feminine)
• bhagavat – possessing fortune, glorious, divine, venerable, Lord
  adjective (masculine)
  Possessive suffix -vat
  Derived from bhaga (fortune) + vat

Note: Refers to Lord Kṛṣṇa.

उवाच (uvāca) - (the Lord) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of uvāca

Perfect tense, third person singular of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Standard introductory phrase in the Bhagavad-Gītā.

अनाश्रितः (anāśritaḥ) - unattached (to the fruits of action) (unattached, independent, not resorting to)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anāśrita

anāśrita - unattached, not depending on, independent

Past Passive Participle (negated)

Negated participle from ā-śri (to depend on)

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+āśrita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• āśrita – dependent on, resorting to, attached to
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from ā-śri (to depend on)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'yaḥ' (who).

कर्मफलम् (karmaphalam) - the results or consequences of one's actions (karma) (the fruit of action, the result of karma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karmaphala

karmaphala - fruit of action, result of karma

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (karma+phala)

• karma – action, deed, work, ritual action
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - prescribed duty; action that must be performed (to be done, duty, obligation)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, work

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -ya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used here as an adjective modifying 'karma', meaning 'action that is to be done', or 'duty'.

कर्म (karma) - action, particularly prescribed duties (dharma) (action, deed, work, religious rite, destiny)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, religious rite, ritual, destiny

Derived from root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

करोति (karoti) - performs (his duty) (performs, does, makes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of karoti

Present tense, 3rd person singular of root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यः (yaḥ) - who (introducing the subject of the sentence) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun.

सः (saḥ) - he (the person described by 'yaḥ') (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative/personal pronoun)

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ'.

संन्यासी (saṁnyāsī) - one who practices true renunciation (saṃnyāsa) (renunciant, ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnyāsin

saṁnyāsin - renunciant, ascetic, one who has abandoned everything

Agent noun

Derived from sam-ni-as (to throw down, abandon)

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: as (class 4)

Note: The term saṃnyāsī (renunciant) is clarified here as someone who acts without attachment, not just one who formally renounces rituals.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

योगी (yogī) - one who practices true union (yoga) (yogi, practitioner of yoga)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yogin

yogin - yogi, practitioner of yoga, ascetic, contemplative

Agent noun

Derived from root yuj (to unite, to yoke)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: The term yogī (practitioner of yoga) is clarified here as someone who acts without attachment, not just one who practices specific exercises.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a negative particle.

निरग्निः (niragniḥ) - one who has merely given up the ritual fires (without fire, without ritual fires)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niragni

niragni - without fire, without sacrificial fires

Bahuvrīhi or Avyayībhāva compound

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (nis+agni)

• nis – without, out, cessation
  indeclinable
  Negative/privative prefix
• agni – fire, sacrificial fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to a formal renunciant who abandons sacrificial rites, but not necessarily internal detachment.

न (na) - nor (not, nor)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a negative particle in conjunction with 'ca'.

च (ca) - and, (nor) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here with 'na' to mean 'nor'.

अक्रियः (akriyaḥ) - one who simply abstains from activity (without action, inactive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akriya

akriya - inactive, without work, not performing rites

Nañ-Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+kriyā)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kriyā – action, activity, rite, performance
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Refers to someone who abstains from action, but not necessarily with true detachment.