महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-25, verse-8

ते वै धन्या यैः कृतं ज्ञातिकार्यं ये वः पुत्राः सुहृदो बान्धवाश्च ।
उपक्रुष्टं जीवितं संत्यजेयुस्ततः कुरूणां नियतो वै भवः स्यात् ॥८॥

8. te vai dhanyā yaiḥ kṛtaṁ jñātikāryaṁ; ye vaḥ putrāḥ suhṛdo bāndhavāśca ,
upakruṣṭaṁ jīvitaṁ saṁtyajeyu;stataḥ kurūṇāṁ niyato vai bhavaḥ syāt.

8. te vai dhanyā yaiḥ kṛtam jñātikāryam
ye vaḥ putrāḥ suhṛdaḥ bāndhavāḥ ca
upakruṣṭam jīvitam saṃtyajeyuḥ
tataḥ kurūṇām niyataḥ vai bhavaḥ syāt

8. Indeed, fortunate are those by whom the duty to their kinsmen has been done – your sons, friends, and relatives who would abandon a disgraced life. Then, the continued existence (bhava) of the Kurus would certainly be assured.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (people) (those, they)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, surely)

• धन्या (dhanyā) - fortunate (fortunate, blessed, happy)

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom (referring to 'te') (by whom (plural))

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - has been done (done, made, performed)

• ज्ञातिकार्यम् (jñātikāryam) - duty to their kinsmen (duty to kinsmen, family duty)

• ये (ye) - who (referring to sons, friends, kinsmen) (who (plural))

• वः (vaḥ) - your (plural) (your, to you (plural))

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

• सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends (friends, good-hearted ones)

• बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• उपक्रुष्टम् (upakruṣṭam) - disgraced (reproached, disgraced, abused)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life (life, existence)

• संत्यजेयुः (saṁtyajeyuḥ) - would abandon, would give up (they would abandon, they would give up)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (thence, then, therefore, from that)

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• नियतः (niyataḥ) - certain, assured (certain, fixed, destined, restrained)

• वै (vai) - certainly (indeed, certainly, surely)

• भवः (bhavaḥ) - existence, welfare (existence, being, welfare, prosperity)

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be (may be, would be, should be)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (people) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

धन्या (dhanyā) - fortunate (fortunate, blessed, happy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhanya

dhanya - fortunate, blessed, wealthy, auspicious

Note: Agrees with 'te'.

यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom (referring to 'te') (by whom (plural))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Agent of the passive construction 'kṛtam'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - has been done (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'kṛ' (to do). Nominative singular neuter.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'jñātikāryam'.

ज्ञातिकार्यम् (jñātikāryam) - duty to their kinsmen (duty to kinsmen, family duty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñātikārya

jñātikārya - duty to relatives, family business/affair

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāti+kārya)

• jñāti – relative, kinsman
  noun (masculine)
• kārya – duty, business, action, what is to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive of root 'kṛ' (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'kṛtam'.

ये (ye) - who (referring to sons, friends, kinsmen) (who (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Subjects of 'saṃtyajeyuḥ'.

वः (vaḥ) - your (plural) (your, to you (plural))

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Alternate form for genitive/dative/accusative plural of 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Possessive for 'putrāḥ', 'suhṛdaḥ', 'bāndhavāḥ'.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons (sons, children)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subjects of 'saṃtyajeyuḥ'.

सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - friends (friends, good-hearted ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, good-hearted person

Prefix: su

Root: hṛd

Note: Subjects of 'saṃtyajeyuḥ'.

बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - kinsman, relative, friend

Note: Subjects of 'saṃtyajeyuḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'putrāḥ', 'suhṛdaḥ', 'bāndhavāḥ'.

उपक्रुष्टम् (upakruṣṭam) - disgraced (reproached, disgraced, abused)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of upakruṣṭa

upakruṣṭa - reproached, blamed, disgraced, reviled

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'kruś' (to cry out) with upasarga 'upa'. Nominative/accusative singular neuter.

Prefix: upa

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'jīvitam'.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life (life, existence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, livelihood

Can also be PPP of 'jīv'.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'saṃtyajeyuḥ'.

संत्यजेयुः (saṁtyajeyuḥ) - would abandon, would give up (they would abandon, they would give up)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of tyaj

Optative

Root verb 'tyaj' (class 1), optative third person plural, parasmaipada, with upasarga 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: tyaj (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (thence, then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Acts as a conjunction.

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (name of an ancient king and his descendants, a tribe)

Note: Possessive for 'bhavaḥ'.

नियतः (niyataḥ) - certain, assured (certain, fixed, destined, restrained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - restrained, controlled, fixed, certain, destined

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'yam' (to restrain) with upasarga 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhavaḥ'.

वै (vai) - certainly (indeed, certainly, surely)

(indeclinable)

भवः (bhavaḥ) - existence, welfare (existence, being, welfare, prosperity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhava

bhava - being, existence, birth, welfare, prosperity

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'syāt'.

स्यात् (syāt) - would be (may be, would be, should be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative

Root verb 'as' (class 2), optative third person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: as (class 2)