महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-156, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
तथा व्यूढेष्वनीकेषु कुरुक्षेत्रे द्विजर्षभ ।
किमकुर्वन्त कुरवः कालेनाभिप्रचोदिताः ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
tathā vyūḍheṣvanīkeṣu kurukṣetre dvijarṣabha ,
kimakurvanta kuravaḥ kālenābhipracoditāḥ.

1. janamejayaḥ uvāca tathā vyūḍheṣu anīkeṣu kurukṣetre
dvijarṣabha kim akurvanta kuravaḥ kālena abhipracoditāḥ

1. janamejayaḥ uvāca dvijarṣabha,
tathā anīkeṣu kuruśetre vyūḍheṣu,
kālena abhipracoditāḥ kuravaḥ kim akurvanta?

1. Janamejaya said: O best of the twice-born, when the armies were thus arrayed on Kurukṣetra, what did the Kurus do, having been impelled by fate (kāla)?

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so

• व्यूढेषु (vyūḍheṣu) - in the arrayed, in the arranged

• अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in the armies, in the hosts

• कुरुक्षेत्रे (kurukṣetre) - on Kurukṣetra

• द्विजर्षभ (dvijarṣabha) - Addressing Vaiśampāyana (O best of twice-born (Brahmins))

• किम् (kim) - what?

• अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - did (they) do

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

• कालेन (kālena) - by time, by fate

• अभिप्रचोदिताः (abhipracoditāḥ) - impelled, instigated

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजयः (janamejayaḥ) - Janamejaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

व्यूढेषु (vyūḍheṣu) - in the arrayed, in the arranged

(adjective)

Locative, plural of vyūḍha

vyūḍha - arrayed, arranged, marshalled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from vi- + ud- + √vah (to carry, to bear), literally 'carried out, arrayed'

Prefixes: vi+ud

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Matches gender/number/case of anīkeṣu

अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in the armies, in the hosts

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, host, array

कुरुक्षेत्रे (kurukṣetre) - on Kurukṣetra

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kurukṣetra

kurukṣetra - Kurukṣetra (the field of the Kurus)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+kṣetra)

• kuru – Kuru (dynasty/people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṣetra – field, territory, place
  noun (neuter)

द्विजर्षभ (dvijarṣabha) - Addressing Vaiśampāyana (O best of twice-born (Brahmins))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijarṣabha

dvijarṣabha - best of the twice-born

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvija+ṛṣabha)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, bird, tooth)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which

अकुर्वन्त (akurvanta) - did (they) do

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kurus

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - Kuru (a member of the Kuru dynasty)

कालेन (kālena) - by time, by fate

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, fate, destiny

अभिप्रचोदिताः (abhipracoditāḥ) - impelled, instigated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhipracodita

abhipracodita - impelled, instigated, urged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from abhi- + pra- + √cud (to urge, to impel)

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: cud (class 10)