महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-124, verse-16

अर्जुनेन यमाभ्यां च त्रिभिस्तैरभिवादितः ।
मूर्ध्नि तान्समुपाघ्राय प्रेम्णाभिवद पार्थिव ॥१६॥

16. arjunena yamābhyāṁ ca tribhistairabhivāditaḥ ,
mūrdhni tānsamupāghrāya premṇābhivada pārthiva.

16. arjunena yamābhyām ca tribhiḥ taiḥ abhivāditaḥ
mūrdhni tān samupāghrāya premnā abhivada pārthiva

16. Having been greeted by Arjuna and by the two Yamas (Nākula and Sahadeva) — by these three — O king (pārthiva), you should affectionately embrace (lit. smell) them on their heads and return their greetings.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

• यमाभ्याम् (yamābhyām) - by the two Yamas (Nākula and Sahadeva) (by the two Yamas, by the twins)

• च (ca) - and

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three

• तैः (taiḥ) - by these (three) (by them)

• अभिवादितः (abhivāditaḥ) - having been greeted, saluted

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head

• तान् (tān) - them

• समुपाघ्राय (samupāghrāya) - having smelled, having embraced (by smelling the head)

• प्रेम्ना (premnā) - with affection, with love

• अभिवद (abhivada) - return their greetings (greet, address)

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king, O prince

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनेन (arjunena) - by Arjuna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a proper name), white, clear

यमाभ्याम् (yamābhyām) - by the two Yamas (Nākula and Sahadeva) (by the two Yamas, by the twins)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of yama

yama - twin, Yama (god of death), self-control

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tri

tri - three

Note: Agrees with 'taiḥ'

तैः (taiḥ) - by these (three) (by them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva.

अभिवादितः (abhivāditaḥ) - having been greeted, saluted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhivādita

abhivādita - greeted, saluted, honored

Past Passive Participle

from root vad (to speak) with upasarga abhi (towards); lit. 'spoken to respectfully'

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Describes the implicit subject of the second clause (Yudhiṣṭhira).

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, summit

तान् (tān) - them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the three brothers.

समुपाघ्राय (samupāghrāya) - having smelled, having embraced (by smelling the head)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root ghrā with upasargas sam and upa. The act of smelling the head is a traditional gesture of affection/blessing.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: ghrā (class 1)

प्रेम्ना (premnā) - with affection, with love

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of preman

preman - love, affection, kindness

अभिवद (abhivada) - return their greetings (greet, address)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of abhivad

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira.

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king, O prince

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, prince, earthly, royal

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