महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-124, verse-11

कृतास्त्रैः क्षिप्रमस्यद्भिर्दूरपातिभिरायसाः ।
अभिलक्ष्यैर्निपात्यन्ते तावच्छाम्यतु वैशसम् ॥११॥

11. kṛtāstraiḥ kṣipramasyadbhirdūrapātibhirāyasāḥ ,
abhilakṣyairnipātyante tāvacchāmyatu vaiśasam.

11. kṛtāstraiḥ kṣipram asyadbhiḥ dūrapātibhiḥ āyasāḥ
abhilakṣyaiḥ nipātyante tāvat śāmyatu vaiśasam

11. Before iron arrows, swiftly hurled by skilled, far-shooting archers and accurately aimed, are made to fall, let this slaughter (vaiśasam) subside.

Words meanings summery:

• कृतास्त्रैः (kṛtāstraiḥ) - by those skilled in weapons, by accomplished archers

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• अस्यद्भिः (asyadbhiḥ) - by those who are shooting, by those who are hurling

• दूरपातिभिः (dūrapātibhiḥ) - by those shooting far, by long-range shooters

• आयसाः (āyasāḥ) - iron (arrows), made of iron

• अभिलक्ष्यैः (abhilakṣyaiḥ) - by the archers who aim accurately (by those who are aiming accurately, by those who have aimed)

• निपात्यन्ते (nipātyante) - they are made to fall, they are shot down, they are caused to fall

• तावत् (tāvat) - then, so long, until then

• शाम्यतु (śāmyatu) - let it subside, let it be appeased

• वैशसम् (vaiśasam) - slaughter, massacre, carnage

Words meanings and morphology

कृतास्त्रैः (kṛtāstraiḥ) - by those skilled in weapons, by accomplished archers

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṛtāstra

kṛtāstra - skilled in the use of weapons, practised in arms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+astra)

• kṛta – made, done, accomplished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• astra – missile, weapon
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'maheṣvāsaiḥ'.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

अस्यद्भिः (asyadbhiḥ) - by those who are shooting, by those who are hurling

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of asyat

asyat - throwing, casting, hurling, shooting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √as (to throw, hurl), class 4.

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'maheṣvāsaiḥ'.

दूरपातिभिः (dūrapātibhiḥ) - by those shooting far, by long-range shooters

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dūrapātin

dūrapātin - shooting far, flying far, long-range

Agent noun / adjective

Derived from 'dūra' (far) + root √pat (to fall, fly) + agent suffix -in.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dūra+pātin)

• dūra – far, distant
  indeclinable
• pātin – falling, flying, shooting; one who falls/shoots
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root √pat (to fall, fly).
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'maheṣvāsaiḥ'.

आयसाः (āyasāḥ) - iron (arrows), made of iron

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of āyasa

āyasa - made of iron, iron-

Derived from 'ayas' (iron, metal).

Note: Agrees with 'maheṣavaḥ'.

अभिलक्ष्यैः (abhilakṣyaiḥ) - by the archers who aim accurately (by those who are aiming accurately, by those who have aimed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of abhilakṣya

abhilakṣya - to be aimed at, to be noticed; aimed, observed

Gerundive/Passive Participle (potential)

Derived from root √lakṣ (to mark, perceive, aim) with prefix abhi. Used here as an adjective modifying the agents (archers) indicating their action of aiming.

Prefix: abhi

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'maheṣvāsaiḥ'.

निपात्यन्ते (nipātyante) - they are made to fall, they are shot down, they are caused to fall

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of nipāt

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'maheṣavaḥ'.

तावत् (tāvat) - then, so long, until then

(indeclinable)

शाम्यतु (śāmyatu) - let it subside, let it be appeased

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śam

Root: śam (class 4)

वैशसम् (vaiśasam) - slaughter, massacre, carnage

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vaiśasa

vaiśasa - slaughter, carnage, massacre, destruction

Note: Subject of the verb 'śāmyatu'.