महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-6, verse-4

तमापतन्तं प्रसमीक्ष्य पाण्डवं विराटराडिन्दुमिवाभ्रसंवृतम् ।
मन्त्रिद्विजान्सूतमुखान्विशस्तथा ये चापि केचित्परिषत्समासते ।
पप्रच्छ कोऽयं प्रथमं समेयिवाननेन योऽयं प्रसमीक्षते सभाम् ॥४॥

4. tamāpatantaṁ prasamīkṣya pāṇḍavaṁ; virāṭarāḍindumivābhrasaṁvṛtam ,
mantridvijānsūtamukhānviśastathā; ye cāpi kecitpariṣatsamāsate ,
papraccha ko'yaṁ prathamaṁ sameyivā;nanena yo'yaṁ prasamīkṣate sabhām.

4. tam āpatantam prasamīkṣya pāṇḍavam virāṭarāṭ indum iva
abhra-saṃvṛtam | mantri-dvijān sūta-mukhān viśaḥ tathā
ye ca api kecit pariṣat samāsate | papraccha kaḥ ayam
prathamam sameyivān anena yaḥ ayam prasamīkṣate sabhām

4. Upon seeing that Pāṇḍava approaching, resembling the moon covered by a cloud, King Virāṭa asked his ministers, the twice-born (dvija), the chief charioteers, and whoever else was gathered in the assembly: "Who is this person who has just arrived and surveys the court with such an expression?"

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, coming near

• प्रसमीक्ष्य (prasamīkṣya) - having observed, having seen well

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, disguised as Kanka (Pāṇḍava)

• विराटराट् (virāṭarāṭ) - King Virāṭa

• इन्दुम् (indum) - moon

• इव (iva) - like, as

• अभ्र-संवृतम् (abhra-saṁvṛtam) - covered by a cloud

• मन्त्रि-द्विजान् (mantri-dvijān) - ministers and brahmins (dvija)

• सूत-मुखान् (sūta-mukhān) - chief charioteers, those led by charioteers

• विशः (viśaḥ) - people, subjects

• तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus

• ये (ye) - whoever, those who

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

• परिषत् (pariṣat) - assembly, council, court

• समासते (samāsate) - are assembled, sit together

• पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked, questioned

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• अयम् (ayam) - this (person)

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, recently, at first

• समेयिवान् (sameyivān) - who has come, having arrived

• अनेन (anena) - by this, with this

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अयम् (ayam) - this (person)

• प्रसमीक्षते (prasamīkṣate) - surveys, looks intently, observes

• सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly, court

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, coming near

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling upon

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'pat' (to fall) with prefix 'ā' (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

प्रसमीक्ष्य (prasamīkṣya) - having observed, having seen well

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefixes 'pra' and 'sam'

Prefixes: pra+sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, disguised as Kanka (Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

विराटराट् (virāṭarāṭ) - King Virāṭa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭarāj

virāṭarāj - King of Virāṭa

Compound type : tatpurusha (virāṭa+rājan)

• virāṭa – Virāṭa (name of a king and his kingdom)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

इन्दुम् (indum) - moon

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of indu

indu - moon

इव (iva) - like, as

(indeclinable)

अभ्र-संवृतम् (abhra-saṁvṛtam) - covered by a cloud

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhra-saṃvṛta

abhra-saṁvṛta - covered by a cloud

Compound type : tatpurusha (abhra+saṃvṛta)

• abhra – cloud
  noun (neuter)
• saṃvṛta – covered, concealed, shut
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'vṛ' (to cover) with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

मन्त्रि-द्विजान् (mantri-dvijān) - ministers and brahmins (dvija)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mantri-dvija

mantri-dvija - ministers and brahmins

Compound type : dvandva (mantrin+dvija)

• mantrin – minister, counselor
  noun (masculine)
• dvija – twice-born, brahmin, bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)

सूत-मुखान् (sūta-mukhān) - chief charioteers, those led by charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sūta-mukha

sūta-mukha - chief charioteers, those led by charioteers

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+mukha)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, chief, foremost
  noun (neuter)

विशः (viśaḥ) - people, subjects

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, commonality

Note: Can also be nominative plural of 'viś' (masculine or feminine), or accusative plural.

तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - whoever, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaśc-id

kaśc-id - someone, something, a certain one

परिषत् (pariṣat) - assembly, council, court

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pariṣad

pariṣad - assembly, council, court

समासते (samāsate) - are assembled, sit together

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of sam-ās

Prefix: sam

Root: ās (class 2)

पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked, questioned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अयम् (ayam) - this (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, recently, at first

(indeclinable)

Note: Can be nominative/accusative singular neuter or used as an adverb.

समेयिवान् (sameyivān) - who has come, having arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sam-īyu

sam-īyu - having come together, having met

Perfect Active Participle

Derived from the root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

अनेन (anena) - by this, with this

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

अयम् (ayam) - this (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

प्रसमीक्षते (prasamīkṣate) - surveys, looks intently, observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of pra-sam-īkṣ

Prefixes: pra+sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly, court

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, court, council