महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-6, verse-4

तमापतन्तं प्रसमीक्ष्य पाण्डवं विराटराडिन्दुमिवाभ्रसंवृतम् ।
मन्त्रिद्विजान्सूतमुखान्विशस्तथा ये चापि केचित्परिषत्समासते ।
पप्रच्छ कोऽयं प्रथमं समेयिवाननेन योऽयं प्रसमीक्षते सभाम् ॥४॥

4. tamāpatantaṁ prasamīkṣya pāṇḍavaṁ; virāṭarāḍindumivābhrasaṁvṛtam ,
mantridvijānsūtamukhānviśastathā; ye cāpi kecitpariṣatsamāsate ,
papraccha ko'yaṁ prathamaṁ sameyivā;nanena yo'yaṁ prasamīkṣate sabhām.

4. tam āpatantam prasamīkṣya pāṇḍavam virāṭarāṭ indum iva
abhra-saṃvṛtam | mantri-dvijān sūta-mukhān viśaḥ tathā
ye ca api kecit pariṣat samāsate | papraccha kaḥ ayam
prathamam sameyivān anena yaḥ ayam prasamīkṣate sabhām

4. Upon seeing that Pāṇḍava approaching, resembling the moon covered by a cloud, King Virāṭa asked his ministers, the twice-born (dvija), the chief charioteers, and whoever else was gathered in the assembly: "Who is this person who has just arrived and surveys the court with such an expression?"

4. מלך וִירָאטַה, כשראה את בן פָּאנְדוּ מתקרב כירח המכוסה בעננים, שאל את השרים, את הבְּרַהְמִינים, את ראשי העגלונים, את בני מעמד הוַישְׁיַה ואת כל מי שישבו במועצה: מי זה שהגיע לכאן ראשון, ומביט כך בכל האולם?

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, coming near

• प्रसमीक्ष्य (prasamīkṣya) - having observed, having seen well

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, disguised as Kanka (Pāṇḍava)

• विराटराट् (virāṭarāṭ) - King Virāṭa

• इन्दुम् (indum) - moon

• इव (iva) - like, as

• अभ्र-संवृतम् (abhra-saṁvṛtam) - covered by a cloud

• मन्त्रि-द्विजान् (mantri-dvijān) - ministers and brahmins (dvija)

• सूत-मुखान् (sūta-mukhān) - chief charioteers, those led by charioteers

• विशः (viśaḥ) - people, subjects

• तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus

• ये (ye) - whoever, those who

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

• परिषत् (pariṣat) - assembly, council, court

• समासते (samāsate) - are assembled, sit together

• पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked, questioned

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• अयम् (ayam) - this (person)

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, recently, at first

• समेयिवान् (sameyivān) - who has come, having arrived

• अनेन (anena) - by this, with this

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अयम् (ayam) - this (person)

• प्रसमीक्षते (prasamīkṣate) - surveys, looks intently, observes

• सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly, court

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, coming near

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling upon

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'pat' (to fall) with prefix 'ā' (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

प्रसमीक्ष्य (prasamīkṣya) - having observed, having seen well

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefixes 'pra' and 'sam'

Prefixes: pra+sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - Yudhiṣṭhira, disguised as Kanka (Pāṇḍava)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

विराटराट् (virāṭarāṭ) - King Virāṭa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭarāj

virāṭarāj - King of Virāṭa

Compound type : tatpurusha (virāṭa+rājan)

• virāṭa – Virāṭa (name of a king and his kingdom)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

इन्दुम् (indum) - moon

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of indu

indu - moon

इव (iva) - like, as

(indeclinable)

अभ्र-संवृतम् (abhra-saṁvṛtam) - covered by a cloud

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhra-saṃvṛta

abhra-saṁvṛta - covered by a cloud

Compound type : tatpurusha (abhra+saṃvṛta)

• abhra – cloud
  noun (neuter)
• saṃvṛta – covered, concealed, shut
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'vṛ' (to cover) with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

मन्त्रि-द्विजान् (mantri-dvijān) - ministers and brahmins (dvija)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mantri-dvija

mantri-dvija - ministers and brahmins

Compound type : dvandva (mantrin+dvija)

• mantrin – minister, counselor
  noun (masculine)
• dvija – twice-born, brahmin, bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)

सूत-मुखान् (sūta-mukhān) - chief charioteers, those led by charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sūta-mukha

sūta-mukha - chief charioteers, those led by charioteers

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+mukha)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, chief, foremost
  noun (neuter)

विशः (viśaḥ) - people, subjects

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, commonality

Note: Can also be nominative plural of 'viś' (masculine or feminine), or accusative plural.

तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - whoever, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaśc-id

kaśc-id - someone, something, a certain one

परिषत् (pariṣat) - assembly, council, court

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pariṣad

pariṣad - assembly, council, court

समासते (samāsate) - are assembled, sit together

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of sam-ās

Prefix: sam

Root: ās (class 2)

पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked, questioned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prach

Root: prach (class 6)

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अयम् (ayam) - this (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, recently, at first

(indeclinable)

Note: Can be nominative/accusative singular neuter or used as an adverb.

समेयिवान् (sameyivān) - who has come, having arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sam-īyu

sam-īyu - having come together, having met

Perfect Active Participle

Derived from the root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

अनेन (anena) - by this, with this

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

अयम् (ayam) - this (person)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

प्रसमीक्षते (prasamīkṣate) - surveys, looks intently, observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of pra-sam-īkṣ

Prefixes: pra+sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

सभाम् (sabhām) - assembly, court

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, court, council

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