महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-6, verse-11

विराट उवाच ।
ददामि ते हन्त वरं यमिच्छसि प्रशाधि मत्स्यान्वशगो ह्यहं तव ।
प्रिया हि धूर्ता मम देविनः सदा भवांश्च देवोपम राज्यमर्हति ॥११॥

11. virāṭa uvāca ,
dadāmi te hanta varaṁ yamicchasi; praśādhi matsyānvaśago hyahaṁ tava ,
priyā hi dhūrtā mama devinaḥ sadā; bhavāṁśca devopama rājyamarhati.

11. virāṭaḥ uvāca dadāmi te hanta varam yam
icchasi praśādhi matsyān vaśagaḥ hi
aham tava priyāḥ hi dhūrtāḥ mama devinaḥ
sadā bhavān ca devopama rājyam arhati

11. Virāṭa said: 'Indeed, I grant you whatever boon you desire. Rule over the Matsyas, for I am certainly subject to you. Indeed, I always hold dear those clever dice players. And you, O god-like one, are worthy of a kingdom.'

Words meanings summery:

• विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - The king of Matsya kingdom (Virāṭa)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ददामि (dadāmi) - I give, I grant

• ते (te) - to Yudhiṣṭhira (to you, for you)

• हन्त (hanta) - here, take it (indeed, alas, certainly (exhortative particle))

• वरम् (varam) - boon, wish, blessing

• यम् (yam) - the boon which (which, whom)

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire, you wish

• प्रशाधि (praśādhi) - rule, govern, command

• मत्स्यान् (matsyān) - The people of the Matsya kingdom (the Matsyas (people or kingdom))

• वशगः (vaśagaḥ) - obedient, subject to, under control

• हि (hi) - for (indeed, surely, because)

• अहम् (aham) - King Virāṭa (I)

• तव (tava) - to you (with vaśagaḥ) (your, of you)

• प्रियाः (priyāḥ) - dear, beloved

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

• धूर्ताः (dhūrtāḥ) - referring to dice players (rogues, cheats, cunning persons)

• मम (mama) - my, to me

• देविनः (devinaḥ) - dice players, gamblers

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• भवान् (bhavān) - Yudhiṣṭhira (you (respectful))

• च (ca) - and

• देवोपम (devopama) - O god-like one (vocative) (god-like, resembling a god)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

• अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of, ought

Words meanings and morphology

विराटः (virāṭaḥ) - The king of Matsya kingdom (Virāṭa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virāṭa (proper name), sovereign, king

Root: rāj

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

ददामि (dadāmi) - I give, I grant

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dā

Present active 1st person singular (reduplicated root)

Root: dā (class 3)

ते (te) - to Yudhiṣṭhira (to you, for you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, yourself

Note: Can also be genitive, but dative is more fitting for 'I give to you'.

हन्त (hanta) - here, take it (indeed, alas, certainly (exhortative particle))

(indeclinable)

वरम् (varam) - boon, wish, blessing

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, wish, blessing, best

Root: vr̥

यम् (yam) - the boon which (which, whom)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to 'varam'.

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you desire, you wish

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present active 2nd person singular

Root: iṣ (class 6)

प्रशाधि (praśādhi) - rule, govern, command

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śās

Imperative active 2nd person singular (pra-śās)

Prefix: pra

Root: śās (class 2)

मत्स्यान् (matsyān) - The people of the Matsya kingdom (the Matsyas (people or kingdom))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of matsya

matsya - fish, a name of a country/people

वशगः (vaśagaḥ) - obedient, subject to, under control

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaśaga

vaśaga - obedient, subject to, under control

Compound: vaśa (power, control) + ga (going, being). One who goes under control.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (vaśa+ga)

• vaśa – will, power, control
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś
• ga – going, being
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'aham' (implied subject).

हि (hi) - for (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - King Virāṭa (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself

तव (tava) - to you (with vaśagaḥ) (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, yourself

Note: Governed by 'vaśagaḥ'.

प्रियाः (priyāḥ) - dear, beloved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

Root: prī

Note: Agrees with 'dhūrtāḥ devinaḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

धूर्ताः (dhūrtāḥ) - referring to dice players (rogues, cheats, cunning persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhūrta

dhūrta - rogue, cheat, cunning

Note: Used as an adjective here to describe 'devinaḥ'.

मम (mama) - my, to me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself

Note: Can also be dative, but genitive (my dear ones) or dative (dear to me) both fit.

देविनः (devinaḥ) - dice players, gamblers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of devin

devin - dice player, gambler

Agent noun from div

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

भवान् (bhavān) - Yudhiṣṭhira (you (respectful))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (respectful), being

Present active participle

Present active participle of bhū (to be), used as a respectful pronoun

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used as a respectful second person pronoun.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

देवोपम (devopama) - O god-like one (vocative) (god-like, resembling a god)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of devopama

devopama - god-like, resembling a god

Compound: deva (god) + upama (likeness).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (deva+upama)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div
• upama – likeness, resemblance
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā

Note: Used as a vocative epithet for 'bhavān'.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, royal power

Root: rāj

अर्हति (arhati) - deserves, is worthy of, ought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present active 3rd person singular

Root: arh (class 1)