महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-6, verse-10

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
युधिष्ठिरस्यासमहं पुरा सखा वैयाघ्रपद्यः पुनरस्मि ब्राह्मणः ।
अक्षान्प्रवप्तुं कुशलोऽस्मि देविता कङ्केति नाम्नास्मि विराट विश्रुतः ॥१०॥

10. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
yudhiṣṭhirasyāsamahaṁ purā sakhā; vaiyāghrapadyaḥ punarasmi brāhmaṇaḥ ,
akṣānpravaptuṁ kuśalo'smi devitā; kaṅketi nāmnāsmi virāṭa viśrutaḥ.

10. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca yudhiṣṭhirasya āsam aham
purā sakhā vaiyāghrapadyaḥ punaḥ asmi
brāhmaṇaḥ akṣān pravaptum kuśalaḥ asmi
devitā kaṅka iti nāmnā asmi virāṭa viśrutaḥ

10. Yudhiṣṭhira said: 'Formerly, I was a friend of Yudhiṣṭhira, the Vaiyāghrapadya. Furthermore, I am a Brahmin (brāhmaṇa). I am skilled in throwing dice, a dice player. O Virāṭa, I am renowned by the name Kaṅka.'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother (Yudhiṣṭhira)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• युधिष्ठिरस्य (yudhiṣṭhirasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira

• आसम् (āsam) - I was

• अहम् (aham) - Yudhiṣṭhira (I)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

• सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

• वैयाघ्रपद्यः (vaiyāghrapadyaḥ) - A title or lineage associated with Yudhiṣṭhira or the person he claims to have been friend of. (descendant of Vyāghrapāda)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - furthermore (again, moreover, but)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, a priest

• अक्षान् (akṣān) - dice

• प्रवप्तुम् (pravaptum) - to throw, to cast (dice)

• कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skillful, expert, clever

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• देविता (devitā) - dice player, gambler

• कङ्क (kaṅka) - The disguised name of Yudhiṣṭhira (Kaṅka (name))

• इति (iti) - thus, by this name

• नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• विराट (virāṭa) - O King Virāṭa! (O Virāṭa!)

• विश्रुतः (viśrutaḥ) - renowned, famous, well-known

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother (Yudhiṣṭhira)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (steady). A Bahuvrihi compound 'one who is steady in battle'.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh
• sthira – steady, firm
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

युधिष्ठिरस्य (yudhiṣṭhirasya) - of Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle, Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (steady). A Bahuvrihi compound 'one who is steady in battle'.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
  Root: yudh
• sthira – steady, firm
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

आसम् (āsam) - I was

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect active 1st person singular

Root: as (class 2)

अहम् (aham) - Yudhiṣṭhira (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself

पुरा (purā) - formerly, previously, in ancient times

(indeclinable)

सखा (sakhā) - friend, companion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sakhi

sakhi - friend, companion

वैयाघ्रपद्यः (vaiyāghrapadyaḥ) - A title or lineage associated with Yudhiṣṭhira or the person he claims to have been friend of. (descendant of Vyāghrapāda)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiyāghrapadya

vaiyāghrapadya - descendant of Vyāghrapāda, related to Vyāghrapāda

A patronymic or clan name derived from 'Vyāghrapāda'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - furthermore (again, moreover, but)

(indeclinable)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active 1st person singular

Root: as (class 2)

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a Brahmin, a priest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, one belonging to the priestly class

अक्षान् (akṣān) - dice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of akṣa

akṣa - die (for gaming), axle, eye

प्रवप्तुम् (pravaptum) - to throw, to cast (dice)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive of purpose of pra-vap

Prefix: pra

Root: vap (class 1)

कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skillful, expert, clever

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśala

kuśala - skillful, clever, expert, well

Note: Agrees with 'aham' (implied subject).

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active 1st person singular

Root: as (class 2)

देविता (devitā) - dice player, gambler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devitr̥

devitr̥ - dice player, gambler

Agent noun from div

Agent noun derived from root 'div' (to play with dice)

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'aham' (implied subject).

कङ्क (kaṅka) - The disguised name of Yudhiṣṭhira (Kaṅka (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṅka

kaṅka - Kaṅka (name), a kind of heron

इति (iti) - thus, by this name

(indeclinable)

नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active 1st person singular

Root: as (class 2)

विराट (virāṭa) - O King Virāṭa! (O Virāṭa!)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virāṭa (proper name), sovereign, king

Root: rāj

विश्रुतः (viśrutaḥ) - renowned, famous, well-known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśruta

viśruta - renowned, famous, well-known

Past Passive Participle

P.P.P. of vi-śru

Prefix: vi

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'aham' (implied subject).