महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-37, verse-4

चलाश्च वाताः संवान्ति रूक्षाः परुषनिःस्वनाः ।
भस्मवर्णप्रकाशेन तमसा संवृतं नभः ॥४॥

4. calāśca vātāḥ saṁvānti rūkṣāḥ paruṣaniḥsvanāḥ ,
bhasmavarṇaprakāśena tamasā saṁvṛtaṁ nabhaḥ.

4. calāḥ ca vātāḥ saṃvanti rūkṣāḥ paruṣa-niḥsvanāḥ
bhasma-varṇa-prakāśena tamasā saṃvṛtam nabhaḥ

4. The winds blow unsteadily, rough and with harsh sounds. The sky is enveloped in darkness with an ash-colored glow.

Words meanings summery:

• चलाः (calāḥ) - unsteady, moving, shifting

• च (ca) - and

• वाताः (vātāḥ) - winds

• संवन्ति (saṁvanti) - they blow

• रूक्षाः (rūkṣāḥ) - rough, harsh, dry

• परुष-निःस्वनाः (paruṣa-niḥsvanāḥ) - with harsh sounds, having rough noises

• भस्म-वर्ण-प्रकाशेन (bhasma-varṇa-prakāśena) - by the light of ash-color, with an ash-colored glow

• तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

• संवृतम् (saṁvṛtam) - covered, enveloped, hidden

• नभः (nabhaḥ) - sky, atmosphere

Words meanings and morphology

चलाः (calāḥ) - unsteady, moving, shifting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cala

cala - moving, trembling, unsteady, fickle

Root: cal (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वाताः (vātāḥ) - winds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāta

vāta - wind, air, atmosphere

Root: vā (class 2)

संवन्ति (saṁvanti) - they blow

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of saṃvā

Prefix: sam

Root: vā (class 2)

रूक्षाः (rūkṣāḥ) - rough, harsh, dry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rūkṣa

rūkṣa - rough, dry, harsh, coarse

परुष-निःस्वनाः (paruṣa-niḥsvanāḥ) - with harsh sounds, having rough noises

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paruṣa-niḥsvana

paruṣa-niḥsvana - having harsh sounds

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (paruṣa+niḥsvana)

• paruṣa – harsh, rough, crude, severe
  adjective
• niḥsvana – sound, noise, cry, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: nis
  Root: svan (class 1)

भस्म-वर्ण-प्रकाशेन (bhasma-varṇa-prakāśena) - by the light of ash-color, with an ash-colored glow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhasma-varṇa-prakāśa

bhasma-varṇa-prakāśa - ash-colored glow/light

Compound type : Tatpurusha (bhasma+varṇa+prakāśa)

• bhasma – ash, cinders
  noun (neuter)
• varṇa – color, hue, complexion, caste
  noun (masculine)
• prakāśa – light, luster, brightness, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kāś (class 1)

तमसा (tamasā) - by darkness

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, quality of inertia (guṇa)

संवृतम् (saṁvṛtam) - covered, enveloped, hidden

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃvṛta

saṁvṛta - covered, concealed, surrounded, enclosed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from upasarga 'sam' + root 'vṛ' + suffix 'ta'.

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

नभः (nabhaḥ) - sky, atmosphere

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nabhas

nabhas - sky, atmosphere, firmament, cloud