महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-37, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तं दृष्ट्वा क्लीबवेषेण रथस्थं नरपुंगवम् ।
शमीमभिमुखं यान्तं रथमारोप्य चोत्तरम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
taṁ dṛṣṭvā klībaveṣeṇa rathasthaṁ narapuṁgavam ,
śamīmabhimukhaṁ yāntaṁ rathamāropya cottaram.

1. vaiśampāyanaḥ uvāca tam dṛṣṭvā klībaveṣeṇa rathastham
narapuṃgavam śamīm abhimukham yāntam ratham āropya ca uttaram

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: And, after mounting Uttara onto the chariot, (Arjuna), that best of men, was seen in a eunuch's guise on the chariot, going towards the śamī tree.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine accusative singular)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, observing

• क्लीबवेषेण (klībaveṣeṇa) - in the guise of a eunuch, with a eunuch's dress

• रथस्थम् (rathastham) - standing on the chariot, being on the chariot

• नरपुंगवम् (narapuṁgavam) - epithet for Arjuna (best among men, bull among men)

• शमीम् (śamīm) - to the śamī tree

• अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing, towards, in the direction of

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, proceeding

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• आरोप्य (āropya) - having mounted, having caused to ascend

• च (ca) - and, also

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - Uttara (a proper noun)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

Perfect

Perfect form of root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, observing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix 'ktvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Here interpreted as describing Arjuna's state 'being seen' by others.

क्लीबवेषेण (klībaveṣeṇa) - in the guise of a eunuch, with a eunuch's dress

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of klībaveṣa

klībaveṣa - guise of a eunuch, eunuch's dress

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (klība+veṣa)

• klība – eunuch; impotent, hermaphrodite
  noun (masculine)
• veṣa – dress, guise, costume
  noun (masculine)
  Root: viś (class 6)

रथस्थम् (rathastham) - standing on the chariot, being on the chariot

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathastha

rathastha - standing on the chariot

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in/on
  suffix (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (Arjuna).

नरपुंगवम् (narapuṁgavam) - epithet for Arjuna (best among men, bull among men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narapuṃgava

narapuṁgava - best among men, bull among men

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+puṃgava)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• puṃgava – bull; chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (Arjuna).

शमीम् (śamīm) - to the śamī tree

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śamī

śamī - the śamī tree (Acacia suma or Prosopis cineraria)

अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing, towards, in the direction of

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhimukha

abhimukha - facing, directed towards, opposite to

Prefix: abhi

Root: mukh

Note: Modifies 'tam' (Arjuna).

यान्तम् (yāntam) - going, proceeding

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yānt

yānt - going, moving, proceeding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'yā' (to go) with present active participle suffix 'śatṛ'.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (Arjuna).

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Object of 'āropya'.

आरोप्य (āropya) - having mounted, having caused to ascend

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund), causative

Derived from root 'ruh' (to ascend) with upasarga 'ā' and causative stem 'ropi' and suffix 'lyap'.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Action performed by Arjuna.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - Uttara (a proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttara

uttara - Uttara (name of Prince Virāṭa's son); north; upper; later, subsequent; answer

Note: Object of 'āropya'.