महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-283, verse-4

तं मन्त्रिणा हतं श्रुत्वा ससहायं सबान्धवम् ।
न्यवेदयन्यथातत्त्वं विद्रुतं च द्विषद्बलम् ॥४॥

4. taṁ mantriṇā hataṁ śrutvā sasahāyaṁ sabāndhavam ,
nyavedayanyathātattvaṁ vidrutaṁ ca dviṣadbalam.

4. tam mantriṇā hatam śrutvā sasahāyam sabāndhavam
nyavedayan yathātattvam vidrutam ca dviṣadbalam

4. Having heard that the king, along with his allies and kinsmen, had been slain by his minister, they reported truthfully that the enemy forces had also dispersed.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that king (him, that (king))

• मन्त्रिणा (mantriṇā) - by the minister

• हतम् (hatam) - slain, killed

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• ससहायम् (sasahāyam) - with his allies, accompanied by helpers

• सबान्धवम् (sabāndhavam) - with his kinsmen, accompanied by relatives

• न्यवेदयन् (nyavedayan) - they reported, they announced

• यथातत्त्वम् (yathātattvam) - according to the truth, truly, factually

• विद्रुतम् (vidrutam) - fled, dispersed

• च (ca) - and

• द्विषद्बलम् (dviṣadbalam) - enemy army, hostile force

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that king (him, that (king))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Salva king.

मन्त्रिणा (mantriṇā) - by the minister

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mantrin

mantrin - minister, counselor, advisor

Derived from 'mantra' (council) + 'in' (possessive suffix)

Root: mantr (class 10)

हतम् (hatam) - slain, killed

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - slain, killed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

han (root) + kta (suffix)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

śru (root) + ktvā (suffix)

Root: śru (class 5)

ससहायम् (sasahāyam) - with his allies, accompanied by helpers

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sasahāya

sasahāya - accompanied by helpers or allies

sa (with) + sahāya (helper/ally)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+sahāya)

• sa – with, together with
  prefix
• sahāya – helper, ally, companion
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'hi' (to send, to urge) with 'sa'
  Root: hi (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

सबान्धवम् (sabāndhavam) - with his kinsmen, accompanied by relatives

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sabāndhava

sabāndhava - accompanied by kinsmen or relatives

sa (with) + bāndhava (kinsman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+bāndhava)

• sa – with, together with
  prefix
• bāndhava – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'bandhu' (relative) + 'aṇ' (suffix)
  Root: bandh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

न्यवेदयन् (nyavedayan) - they reported, they announced

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of niveday

Imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd plural

ni (prefix) + a- (augment) + vid (root) + causative suffix ('-aya') + an (ending)

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 4)

यथातत्त्वम् (yathātattvam) - according to the truth, truly, factually

(indeclinable)

yathā (as, according to) + tattva (truth, reality)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+tattva)

• yathā – as, in which way, according to
  indeclinable
• tattva – truth, reality, essence, principle
  noun (neuter)

विद्रुतम् (vidrutam) - fled, dispersed

(participle)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vidruta

vidruta - fled, run away, dispersed, scattered

Past Passive Participle

vi (prefix) + dru (root) + kta (suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dviṣadbalam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

द्विषद्बलम् (dviṣadbalam) - enemy army, hostile force

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dviṣadbala

dviṣadbala - enemy army, hostile force

dviṣat (enemy) + bala (force/army)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpurusha (dviṣat+bala)

• dviṣat – enemy, hostile (one)
  participle (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  dviṣ (root) + śatṛ (suffix)
  Root: dviṣ (class 2)
• bala – force, strength, army
  noun (neuter)