महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-283, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
तस्यां रात्र्यां व्यतीतायामुदिते सूर्यमण्डले ।
कृतपूर्वाह्णिकाः सर्वे समेयुस्ते तपोधनाः ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
tasyāṁ rātryāṁ vyatītāyāmudite sūryamaṇḍale ,
kṛtapūrvāhṇikāḥ sarve sameyuste tapodhanāḥ.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca tasyām rātryām vyatītāyām udite
sūryamaṇḍale kṛtapūrvāhṇikāḥ sarve sameyuḥ te tapodhanāḥ

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said: When that night had passed and the sun's disc had risen, all those ascetics (tapas), having completed their morning rituals, assembled.

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (feminine)

• रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - in the night, during the night

• व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - when passed, when gone by

• उदिते (udite) - when risen, having risen

• सूर्यमण्डले (sūryamaṇḍale) - in the disc of the sun, when the sun's orb

• कृतपूर्वाह्णिकाः (kṛtapūrvāhṇikāḥ) - those who had performed their morning rituals

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• समेयुः (sameyuḥ) - they gathered, they came together

• ते (te) - those (masc. nom. plural)

• तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - ascetics (tapas), rich in penance

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - Mārkaṇḍeya (a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Mārkaṇḍeya (proper noun, name of a celebrated ancient sage)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, third person singular of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

Note: Agrees with rātryām.

रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - in the night, during the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with vyatītāyām.

व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - when passed, when gone by

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vyatītā

vyatīta - passed, gone by, elapsed

Past Passive Participle

From √i (to go) with upasargas vi- and ati-

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with rātryām.

उदिते (udite) - when risen, having risen

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of udita

udita - risen, appeared, spoken

Past Passive Participle

From √i (to go) or √vad (to speak) with upasarga ut-. Here, 'risen' from √i.

Prefix: ut

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with sūryamaṇḍale.

सूर्यमण्डले (sūryamaṇḍale) - in the disc of the sun, when the sun's orb

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sūryamaṇḍala

sūryamaṇḍala - disc of the sun, sun's orb

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūrya+maṇḍala)

• sūrya – sun, Sun god
  noun (masculine)
• maṇḍala – circle, disc, orb, region
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with udite.

कृतपूर्वाह्णिकाः (kṛtapūrvāhṇikāḥ) - those who had performed their morning rituals

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛtapūrvāhṇika

kṛtapūrvāhṇika - one who has performed morning rituals

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+pūrvāhṇika)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• pūrvāhṇika – morning duty/ritual
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with sarve and tapodhanāḥ.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Agrees with tapodhanāḥ.

समेयुः (sameyuḥ) - they gathered, they came together

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sam + √i

Perfect tense, third person plural of √i (to go) with upasarga sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

ते (te) - those (masc. nom. plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to tapodhanāḥ.

तपोधनाः (tapodhanāḥ) - ascetics (tapas), rich in penance

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tapodhana

tapodhana - ascetic, one whose wealth is penance (tapas)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – austerity, penance (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of sameyuḥ.