महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-258, verse-7

अभवंस्तस्य चत्वारः पुत्रा धर्मार्थकोविदाः ।
रामलक्ष्मणशत्रुघ्ना भरतश्च महाबलः ॥७॥

7. abhavaṁstasya catvāraḥ putrā dharmārthakovidāḥ ,
rāmalakṣmaṇaśatrughnā bharataśca mahābalaḥ.

7. abhavan tasya catvāraḥ putrāḥ dharmārthakovidāḥ
rāmalakṣmaṇaśatrughnāḥ bharataḥ ca mahābalaḥ

7. To him were born four sons, who were knowledgeable in righteousness (dharma) and material prosperity (artha): Rama, Lakshmana, Shatrughna, and the mighty Bharata.

Words meanings summery:

• अभवन् (abhavan) - 'Were born' in context. (were, became)

• तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Dasaratha. (his, to him)

• चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

• धर्मार्थकोविदाः (dharmārthakovidāḥ) - skilled in righteousness (dharma) and wealth (artha)

• रामलक्ष्मणशत्रुघ्नाः (rāmalakṣmaṇaśatrughnāḥ) - Three of Dasaratha's sons. (Rama, Lakshmana, and Shatrughna)

• भरतः (bharataḥ) - The fourth son of Dasaratha. (Bharata)

• च (ca) - Connects Bharata to the other brothers. (and)

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty, of great strength

Words meanings and morphology

अभवन् (abhavan) - 'Were born' in context. (were, became)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active third person plural

From √bhū (1st class), Imperfect (laṅ) third person plural, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Dasaratha. (his, to him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive pronoun.

चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

(numeral)

Note: Adjective modifying `putrāḥ`.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - sons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

Note: Subject of `abhavan`.

धर्मार्थकोविदाः (dharmārthakovidāḥ) - skilled in righteousness (dharma) and wealth (artha)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmārthakovida

dharmārthakovida - versed in dharma and artha, knowing righteousness and wealth

Tatpuruṣa compound: dharma-artha (righteousness-wealth) + kovida (skilled)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+artha+kovida)

• dharma – righteousness, natural law, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, prosperity, material gain
  noun (masculine)
• kovida – skilled, expert, knowledgeable
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying `putrāḥ`.

रामलक्ष्मणशत्रुघ्नाः (rāmalakṣmaṇaśatrughnāḥ) - Three of Dasaratha's sons. (Rama, Lakshmana, and Shatrughna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rāmalakṣmaṇaśatrughna

rāmalakṣmaṇaśatrughna - Rama, Lakshmana, and Shatrughna

Dvandva compound: Rama + Lakshmana + Shatrughna

Compound type : dvandva (rāma+lakṣmaṇa+śatrughna)

• rāma – Rama
  proper noun (masculine)
• lakṣmaṇa – Lakshmana
  proper noun (masculine)
• śatrughna – Shatrughna
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Names of the three brothers.

भरतः (bharataḥ) - The fourth son of Dasaratha. (Bharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a king/prince), supported, maintained

च (ca) - Connects Bharata to the other brothers. (and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - mighty, of great strength

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - of great strength, mighty, powerful

Bahuvrīhi compound: mahā (great) + bala (strength)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective modifying `bharataḥ`.