महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-258, verse-6

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
अजो नामाभवद्राजा महानिक्ष्वाकुवंशजः ।
तस्य पुत्रो दशरथः शश्वत्स्वाध्यायवाञ्शुचिः ॥६॥

6. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
ajo nāmābhavadrājā mahānikṣvākuvaṁśajaḥ ,
tasya putro daśarathaḥ śaśvatsvādhyāyavāñśuciḥ.

6. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca ajaḥ nāma abhavat rājā mahān ikṣvākuvaṃśajaḥ
tasya putraḥ daśarathaḥ śaśvat svādhyāyavān śuciḥ

6. Markandeya said: "There was a great king named Aja, a descendant of the Ikshvaku lineage. His son was Dasaratha, who was always dedicated to Vedic study (svādhyāya) and pure."

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The sage narrating the story. (Markandeya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अजः (ajaḥ) - Name of a king in the Ikshvaku dynasty. (Aja)

• नाम (nāma) - 'named' or 'by name'. (name, by name, indeed)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - 'There was' or 'he was'. (was, became, existed)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• महान् (mahān) - great, mighty

• इक्ष्वाकुवंशजः (ikṣvākuvaṁśajaḥ) - born in the Ikshvaku lineage, descendant of Ikshvaku

• तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Aja. (his, of him)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King of Ayodhya, father of Rama. (Dasaratha)

• शश्वत् (śaśvat) - constantly, always, perpetually

• स्वाध्यायवान् (svādhyāyavān) - Dedicated to Vedic study (svādhyāya). (devoted to sacred study, one who studies the Vedas)

• शुचिः (śuciḥ) - Morally and ritually pure. (pure, clean, holy)

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The sage narrating the story. (Markandeya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Markandeya (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

From √vac (2nd class), Perfect (lit) third person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

अजः (ajaḥ) - Name of a king in the Ikshvaku dynasty. (Aja)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aja

aja - Aja (name of a king, lit. 'unborn')

नाम (nāma) - 'named' or 'by name'. (name, by name, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

अभवत् (abhavat) - 'There was' or 'he was'. (was, became, existed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active third person singular

From √bhū (1st class), Imperfect (laṅ) third person singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

महान् (mahān) - great, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, mighty, large, eminent

Note: Adjective modifying `rājā`.

इक्ष्वाकुवंशजः (ikṣvākuvaṁśajaḥ) - born in the Ikshvaku lineage, descendant of Ikshvaku

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ikṣvākuvaṃśaja

ikṣvākuvaṁśaja - born in the Ikshvaku family, descendant of Ikshvaku

Tatpuruṣa compound: ikṣvāku-vaṃśa (Ikshvaku lineage) + -ja (born from)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ikṣvākuvaṃśa+ja)

• ikṣvākuvaṃśa – Ikshvaku lineage/dynasty
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpuruṣa compound: Ikṣvāku + vaṃśa
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix indicating origin
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Adjective modifying `rājā`.

तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Aja. (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive pronoun.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King of Ayodhya, father of Rama. (Dasaratha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasaratha (name of a king)

शश्वत् (śaśvat) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.

स्वाध्यायवान् (svādhyāyavān) - Dedicated to Vedic study (svādhyāya). (devoted to sacred study, one who studies the Vedas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svādhyāyavat

svādhyāyavat - possessing sacred study, devoted to Vedic recitation

Possessive suffix -vat appended to svādhyāya

Note: Adjective modifying `daśarathaḥ`.

शुचिः (śuciḥ) - Morally and ritually pure. (pure, clean, holy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, holy, bright

Note: Adjective modifying `daśarathaḥ`.